FrequencyResponseofFirstOrder
RC
Circuits
11.17
It is not necessary to start at the beginning and march forward till the circuit reaches the periodic
steady-state in order to find out the amplitude under steady-state condition. We can proceed in the
following manner to develop an expression for this amplitude.
Let –
V
1
and
+
V
2
be the negative and positive amplitudes in a cycle as shown in Fig. 11.4-1. Then
the circuit would have reached steady-state when the output value at the end of the cycle turns out to
be exactly –
V
1
.
v t
V e
e
t T
t
t
t
C
V for
with
measured from t
( )
= −
+ −
≤ ≤
−
−
1
1
0
2
t
t
hhe beginning of cycle
after the circuit has reached
peeriodic steady-state
V
C
∴ = −
+ −
=
−
−
V
V e
e
v t
T
T
2
1
0 5
0 5
1
.
.
( )
t
t
V
V e
e
T
t T
t
T
t
T
2
0 5
0 5
1
2
− −
− −
− −
≤ ≤
(
.
)
(
.
)
t
t
V for
This expressionn evaluated with
should be equal to
under periodic
t T
V
=
−
1
steady-state.
Substituting
∴− =
− −
−
−
V V e
e
T
T
1
2
0 5
0 5
1
.
.
V
t
t
ffor
in terms of and solving for
we get ,
V
V
V
V
2
1
1
1
1
,
=
−−
+
=
−
−
e
e
V V
T
T
2
2
1
2
1
t
t
V and
This expression evaluated with
T/
t
=
1 gives
V
1
=
V
2
=
0.245 V for a 1 V amplitude square wave
input.
The key to the above derivation was our knowledge of step response of Series
RC Circuit. The
input could be thought of as a sequence of unit steps and hence the output could be strung together
employing step response and zero-input response segments. Square
waves and more generalised
versions of it (the so-called
rectangular pulse waveforms that are ‘squarish’ waveforms with unequal
half-cycle duration and unequal positive and negative amplitudes) appear very frequently in Pulse
Electronics Applications and Digital Electronics. And, Series
RC Circuits are routinely used to model
the transmission channel that takes such signals from one location to another location in the electronic
system. Hence periodic steady-state of Series
RC Circuit under rectangular pulse waveforms is of
crucial significance in Analog and Digital Electronics. This is the motivation behind this section on
periodic steady-state.
The method described above for finding out steady-state amplitudes under repetitive excitation will
work only if we can identify the repetitive waveform as a sequence of some well-known shape like a
step or ramp or sinusoid. However, in practice, we will be called upon to solve for periodic steady-
state even when the period of input is of a complex shape. How do we proceed? The answer lies in
frequency response function H(
j
w
)
of the circuit.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: