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Electric Circuit Analysis by K. S. Suresh Kumar

ZI
=
DU
 
where 
Z
is the Mesh Resistance 
Matrix of a reduced order circuit resulting from deactivating all independent sources in it. The 
input vector 
U
contains all the independent current source functions and independent voltage 
source functions. The solution for the mesh current vector 
I
can be written as 
Z
1
DU
. This indicates 
that each mesh current (and hence all element voltages and currents) can be expressed as a linear 
combination of input source functions- i.e., x a I
a I
bV
b V
=
+
+ +
+
+
1 1
2 2
1 1
2 2

where x is some 
mesh current variable or element current/voltage variable and a’s and b’s are coefficients decided 
by circuit resistances and connection details. Some of the a’s and b’s may turn out to be zero for 
certain choices of x
f) The voltage across independent current sources can be found out only after the mesh current 
variables are solved. Finding the voltage across an independent current source requires the 
application of KVL in a mesh containing that current source.
We had observed that an n-node b-element circuit has only (b

n

1) mesh current variables. 
Further, each independent current source reduces the number of mesh current variables to be solved 
for by one. Then, what happens if there are (b

n

1) independent current sources in the circuit? 
Further, what if there are more than that many independent current sources? This leads us to our 
next example. Consider the following example circuit that has all the three mesh current variables 
constrained by three independent current sources.

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