Copyright 1996

Questions 11-14 
Select the best heading from the list below for each paragraph A-E in Reading 
Passage 1. Use each letter ONCE only. Write the appropriate letter A-E, in the 
spaces numbered 11-14 on the answer sheet. 
There are more headings than paragraphs, so you won't use all of the headings. 
 
Example: 
Answer:  
Paragraph A 
iii  
1 1 . Paragraph  B 
12.  Paragraph C 
13.  Paragraph D 
14.  Paragraph E 
List of Headings 
 
i  
How is intellectual disability assessed?  
ii  
What do people with an intellectual disability need?  
iii   What is intellectual disability?  
iv   How do people with an intellectual disability talk?  
V   What are the forms of intellectual disability?  
vi   What causes intellectual disability?  
vii   I low do you talk to a person with an intellectual disability?  
viii   Which community-based intellectual disability services are available?  

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QUESTIONS 75-24 
You are advised to spend about 15 minutes on Questions 75-24 
ZC
/
IK
/
I 
refer to 
Rending 
Passage 2 below 
READING PASSAGE 2 
FuelCells: 21st Century Electricity 
 
The 21st century's leading energy source may
By-products from fuel cells are high quality  
very well depend on the development of a
heat, carbon dioxide and steam The  
technology that was first discovered in 1839
temperature of the exhaust gases is well above 
Indeed, many experts believe that the future of 500" C, meaning that solid oxide fuel cells are 
electricity generation will not come from
very attractive for electricity and heat  
further refinement of solar, wind, coal or
generation as, in addition to supplying  
nuclear energy, but from fuel cells Among the
electricity, the leftover amounts of heat  
various types of fuel cells, the ceramic or solid created during the process could be used to  
oxide fuel cell promises to achieve the greatest produce heat for industries, provide hot water  
efficiency of conversion of fossil fuels such as
supplies or warm buildings
gas and coal to electricity while producing only
very low levels of pollutants To this end, a
Fuel cell technology is not new In fact, the  
consortium comprising five leading
principles of fuel cell operation were first  
organisations has established Ceramic Fuels
reported by British scientist Sir William Grove
Ltd, initially to expand fuel cell research and
in 1839 His prototype used dilute sulphuric  
development and secondly, to bring the
acid and operated at room temperature  
technology to commercial application
Ceramic fuel cells developed much later, with  
 
the first one operating at 1000° C in 1937  
Ceramic fuel cells are electrochemical devices
that directly convert fuels such as gasified coal Ceramic fuel cells offer many advantages over 
or natural gas into electricity without the
other energy systems
limitation of the Carnot cycle (an ideal
•  they have the potential to produce  
thermodynamic cycle in which heat is taken
electricity efficient!) from several Kiel  
onto a working fluid at a constant upper
sources
temperature and rejected at a constant lower
•   they can generate large amounts of  
temperature) In many respects, fuel cells
electricity
work like batteries As long as they are
•   they are relatively quick to install  
constantly supplied with fuel and oxidant,
fuel cells can continuously produce power,
Fuel cell research and dev elopmont is  
removing the need for recharging  
extremely competitive worldwide, with the  
 
USA, Japan and some European countries  
Fuel cells offer several advantages over
leading the charge to commercialise this  
traditional thermal power plants The major
promising technology For instance, a Dutch  
difference between these two power
Belgian company has developed a fuel cell for 
generators is that the chemical energy of the
a Volkswagen van and is also working on a  
fuel cell is converted directly to electrical
larger unit to power a bus Additionally, a  
power without intermediate conversion first
German company is working on a fuel cell lor 
to heat The efficiency of a coal-fired thermal
the European space shuttle program and for  
plant is typically in the range of 30%-35% In
submarines, while a Canadian company is  
a combined cycle gas turbine system running
evaluating a fuel cell to be used in small  
on natural gas, the maximum efficiency is in
buses
the range 45%-50% Many experts believe
high temperature fuel cells could reach
Recent reports point to promising large  
efficiencies of 80%-85% Ceramic fuel colls
international markets for ceramic fuel ic'lls  
thus offer a more efficient and less polluting
Prospects for fuel cells in South East Asian  
alternative to current power generation
markets appear good Several countries.  
technologies  
including Indonesia, Thailand and The  

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Philippines are expected to demonstrate high 
electricity generation by the most efficient 
rates of growth in demand for power an 
method will ensure a promising future for 
encouraging situation for those countries 
ceramic fuel cell technology The Ceramic Fuel
quick enough to develop and commercialise 
Cells Ltd initiative represents a major 
fuel cell technology 
collaborative venture between public and 
Energy is a \ ital component of a technology 
private sectors It is envisaged that this 
based society and the growing need for  
venture will go a long way towards achieving 
a greater efficiency of energy use worldwide