Convenience

Information
,
communication
The process of
transmitting
information from
one person to
another
effective
communication
The process of
sending a message
in such a way that the
message received is
as close in meaning
as possible to the
message intended
data
Raw figures and facts
reflecting a single
aspect of reality
information
Data presented in a
way or form that has
meaning
364
Part 4:
Leading
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meanwhile, is data presented in a way or form that has meaning.
4
Thus, combining and
summarizing the four pieces of data just given provides information: The plant has excess
capacity and is therefore incurring unnecessary costs. Information has meaning to a man-
ager and provides a basis for action. The plant manager might use the information and
decide to sell four machines (perhaps keeping one as a backup) and transfer five operators
to other jobs.
Characteristics of Useful Information
What characteristics make the difference between information that is useful and infor-
mation that is not useful? In general, information is useful if it is accurate, timely, com-
plete, and relevant.
Accurate
For information to be of real value to a manager, it must be