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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

10
Part 1:
An Introduction to Management
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The Importance of Theory and History
Some people question the value of history and theory. Their arguments are usually based
on the assumptions that history is not relevant to contemporary society and that theory
is abstract and of no practical use. In reality, however, both theory and history are
important to all managers today.
Why Theory?
A
theory
is simply a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and
providing a blueprint for action.
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Although some theories seem abstract and irrelevant,
others appear very simple and practical. Management theories, which are used to build orga-
nizations and guide them toward their goals, are grounded in reality.
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Practically any orga-
nization that uses assembly lines (such as Nissan and Samsung) is drawing on what we
describe later in this chapter as
scientific management
. Many organizations, including
Nucor Steel and Google, use the behavioral perspective (also introduced later in this chapter)
to improve employee satisfaction and motivation. And naming a large company that does
not use one or more techniques from the quantitative management perspective would be
difficult. For example, retailers such as Best Buy and Target routinely use operations man-
agement to determine how many checkout lines they need to have open at any given time.
In addition, most managers develop and refine their own theories of how they should run
their organizations and manage the behavior of their employees. James Sinegal, founder and
CEO of Costco Wholesale, believes that paying his employees well while keeping prices as
low as possible are the key ingredients in success for his business. This belief is based essen-
tially on his personal theory of competition in the warehouse retailing industry.

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