Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Causes of Conflict
Conflict may arise in both interpersonal and intergroup relationships. Occasionally,
conflict between individuals and groups may be caused by particular organizational strat-
egies and practices. A third arena for conflict is between an organization and its
environment.
Interpersonal Conflict
Conflict between two or more individuals is almost certain
to occur in any organization, given the great variety in perceptions, goals, attitudes,
and so forth among its members. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, and Kazuhiko
Nishi, a former business associate from Japan, once ended a lucrative long-term busi-
ness relationship because of interpersonal conflict. Nishi accused Gates of becoming
too political, while Gates charged that Nishi became too unpredictable and erratic in
his behavior.
30
A frequent source of interpersonal conflict in organizations is what many people
call a
personality clash
—when two people distrust each other’s motives, dislike each
other, or for some other reason simply cannot get along.
31
Conflict may also arise
between people who have different beliefs or perceptions about some aspect of their
work or their organization. For example, one manager might want the organization to
require that all employees use Microsoft Office software, to promote standardization.
Conflict
Performance
High
Low
Low
High
Optimal level of conflict
F I G U R E 1 3 . 5
The Nature of Organizational Conflict
Either too much or too little conflict can be
dysfunctional for an organization. In either case,
performance may be low. However, an optimal level
of conflict that sparks motivation, creativity,
innovation, and initiative can result in higher levels of
performance.
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