Convenience

organization
change
Any substantive
modification to some
part of the
organization
194
Part 3:
Organizing
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or changing product lines. Regulators can have dramatic effects on an organization. For
example, if OSHA rules that a particular production process is dangerous to workers, it
can force a firm to close a plant until it meets higher safety standards. Unions can force
change when they have the clout to negotiate for higher wages or if they go on strike.
Internal Forces
A variety of forces inside the organization may cause change. If top
management revises the organization’s strategy, organization change is likely to result.
A decision by an electronics company to enter the home computer market or a decision
to increase a ten-year product sales goal by 3 percent would occasion many organization
changes. Other internal forces for change may be reflections of external forces. As socio-
cultural values shift, for example, workers’ attitudes toward their job may also shift—and
workers may demand a change in working hours or working conditions. In such a case,
even though the force is rooted in the external environment, the organization must
respond directly to the internal pressure it generates.
4
Planned Versus Reactive Change
Some change is planned well in advance; other change comes about as a reaction to
unexpected events.