flexibility in how and when they work. Among the more popular alternative work
arrangements are variable work schedules, flexible work schedules, job sharing, and
telecommuting.
28
Variable Work Schedules
Although there are many exceptions, of course, the
traditional work schedule starts at 8:00 or 9:00 in the morning and ends at 5:00 in the
evening, five days a week (of course, many managers work additional hours outside these
times). Unfortunately, this schedule makes it difficult to attend to routine personal
business—going to the bank, seeing a doctor or dentist for a routine checkup, having a
parent–teacher conference, getting an automobile serviced, and so forth. At a surface
level, then, employees locked into this sort of arrangement may find it necessary to take
a sick day or a vacation day to handle these activities. At a more unconscious level,
some people may also feel powerless and constrained by their job schedule and develop
resentment and frustration.
To help counter these problems, some businesses have adopted a
compressed work
schedule
, working a full forty-hour week in fewer than the traditional five days.
29
One
approach involves working ten hours a day for four days, leaving an extra day off.
Another alternative is for employees to work slightly fewer than ten hours a day, but to
complete the forty hours by lunchtime on Friday. A few firms have tried having employ-
ees work twelve hours a day for three days, followed by four days off. Organizations that
have used these forms of compressed workweeks include Chevron, BP Amoco, Kraft
Foods, and Philip Morris. One problem with this schedule is that when employees put
in too much time in a single day, they tend to get tired and perform at a lower level
later in the day.
A schedule that some organizations today are beginning to use is what they call a
“nine-eighty” schedule. Under this arrangement, an employee works a traditional sched-
ule one week and a compressed schedule the next, getting every other Friday off. In other
words, they work eighty hours (the equivalent of two weeks of full-time work) in nine
days. By alternating the regular and compressed schedules across half of its workforce,
the organization can be fully staffed at all times, while still giving employees two extra
full days off each month. Shell Oil and BP Amoco Chemicals are two of the firms that
currently use this schedule.
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