Importance to Big Business
Most of the products made by big manufacturers are sold to consumers by small
businesses. For example, the majority of dealerships selling Fords, Chevrolets, Toyotas,
and Kias are independently owned and operated. Moreover, small businesses provide
big businesses with many of the services, supplies, and raw materials they need. Likewise,
Microsoft relies heavily on small businesses in the course of its routine business opera-
tions. For example, the software giant outsources much of its routine code-writing
functions to hundreds of sole proprietorships and other small firms. It also outsources
much of its packaging, delivery, and distribution to smaller companies. Dell Computer
uses this same strategy, buying most of the parts and components used in its computers
from small suppliers around the world.
STRATEGY FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL
ORGANIZATIONS
One of the most basic challenges facing an entrepreneurial organization is choosing a
strategy. The three strategic challenges facing small firms, in turn, are choosing an
industry in which to compete, emphasizing distinctive competencies, and writing a busi-
ness plan.
12
Choosing an Industry
It also is no surprise that small businesses are more common in some industries than in
others. The major industry groups that include successful new ventures and small busi-
nesses are services, retailing, construction, financial and insurance, wholesaling, transpor-
tation, and manufacturing. Obviously, each group differs in its requirements for
employees, money, materials, and machines. In general, the more resources an industry
requires, the harder it is to start a business and the less likely it is that the industry is
dominated by small firms. Remember, too, that
small
is a relative term: The criteria
(number of employees and total annual sales) differ from industry to industry and are
often meaningful only when compared with businesses that are truly large. Figure 5.3
shows the distribution of all U.S. businesses employing fewer than 20 people across
industry groups.
Services
Primarily because they require few resources, service businesses are the
fastest-growing segment of small-business enterprise. In addition, no other industry
group offers a higher return on time invested. Finally, services appeal to the talent for
innovation typified by many small enterprises. As Figure 5.3 shows, 40.53 percent of all
U.S. businesses with fewer than 20 employees are services.
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