Contents Introduction The development of personal pronouns in English


Possessive pronouns in the New England



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The development of ME pronouns

Possessive pronouns in the New England
8
 period
In Early New English, a new form of the 3rd-person possessive pronoun
appears. neuter. Along with his, the form it is possible, as well as its, formed,
perhaps by analogy with the possessive case of nouns. Shakespeare uses his and it
forms:
How far that little candle throws his beams (Merck, of Ven.); The hedge-
sparrow fed the cuckoo so long that it had it head bit off by it young (K. Lear).
The form its was first noted in 1598; in the works of Shakespeare, she
appeared only in posthumous editions. In the 17th century there is a spelling with
an apostrophe: it's.
In pronouns of the 1st and 2nd l. mine and thine the nasal consonant is
omitted if the next word begins with a consonant but is retained before vowels:
Then slay, mine enemies and ayde my friends (Marlowe).
In New English, /n/ is dropped.
8
This article is about the region in North America. For the region in Australia, see New England (New South Wales). 
For other uses, see New England (disambiguation).


3. Development of demonstrative pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns in the Old English period
There are two groups of demonstrative pronouns in Old English. In one of
them, the meaning of pointing is significantly weakened; in the second it is fully
manifested. The first group is used more widely and more often than the second.
Both groups have categories of gender, two numbers and five cases (the fifth
case is instrumental).
The root starting with đ corresponds to Greek to, Russian that; it is also
present in the Germanic languages (for example, in German der, die, das).
The pronouns of this group accompany the noun without expressing
indicative; they are very close to the modern definite article, and some linguists
consider them to be an article already. But sē, seo, đ1t can be used anaphorically in
a sense close to that of personal pronouns. The article cannot replace a noun or
function without a noun. Therefore, despite the undoubted proximity of the
demonstrative pronouns of the first group to the article, it still seems premature to
consider that they already are.
Anaphoric substitution is especially common in subordinate clauses:
secwaef) to anum of his leorning cnihta, se" waes Zepa Philippus "said to one of
his students, he called himself Philip." From the point of view of the syntax of
modern language, se could be taken as a relative pronoun 'which.' But such an
analysis would not take into account the forms of the pronoun, demonstrative in
origin. Often, se is combined with the particle pyo (§ 304), which has a relative
meaning: sepe - 'that which'. In this case, no doubt, se participates in the transfer
relative connection of parts of the sentence

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