Contents Chapter I development of detective genre 1

History, Development and Characteristics of British Detective Novel
and the Significant Representatives of the Genre

One of the first testimonies concerning the detection of the criminal act is written in The Old Testament, in the e book of Prophet Daniel. The story “Susanna and the Elders” tells the story of a woman falsely accused of adultery and performed for committing this crime towards God. “The story exposes the folly of assessing the fact of witnesses' testimony on the groundwork of their rank and reputation. ”1Following the fact that the witnesses are at the same time her judges, young prophet Daniel intervenes into the manner and reveals the inaccuracies in their testimonies. This tale carries the marks of a cutting-edge detective story represented by way of an individual fascinated in the destiny of harmless humans. By thorough investigation, analytic strategy and ultimate presentation of all amassed statistics in front of the audience, Daniel exhibits the truth. Proceeding in time, located approximately in the eight century After Christ, another series of memories bearing marks of detective genre was once written, the Arabic tales One Thousand and One Nights. From all the tales, “The Three Apples” is the excellent example. The tale begins with finding a chest containing a corpse of an unknown woman. Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders one of his viziers to find the killer inside three days. The tangled story with unexpected plot twists is, at the beginning, unsuccessful, but with the shortening of time main to the punishment of the vizier, he all at once finds the last key to the crime. Again, there can be found the parent of a greater authority stressful the punishment of the assassin and the man ordered to acquire the clues, to find the witnesses, and ultimately to untangle the mystery. These are most likely the traces of the detective genre. 8 Based on the publications of literary historians, there is every other well-known work from the sixteenth century, which bears the traces of detective investigation. The Tragedy of Hamlet by way of William Shakespeare, in accordance to the literary theorists, has beside the revenge story also the detective story. Hamlet ́s revenge is postponed and the suitable detective work comes to the forefront. “Hamlet accepts his filial obligation, however earlier than killing Claudius he takes the precaution of first proving his uncle’s guilt, and his investigations.”2 The detective in this play is younger Prince Hamlet who tries to accuse his uncle Claudius of homicide of Prince ́s father and King Hamlet. The intention of his investigation is to bring the real criminal to justice and relieve the soul of his lifeless father. Whether this story can be expressly denoted as a predecessor of modern detective fiction is disputable.Other disputable works from the eighteenth century are the collections of the

French barrister François Gayot de Pitaval (1675–1743). The collection named Causes célèbres et intéressantes, avec les jugements qui les ont décidées recueillies par Mr. Gayot de Pitaval, avocat au Parlement de Paris published in round 1740, is by using some critics marked as one of the milestones in development of detective genre. There are, however, some discrepancies pointing towards this statement. The Causes celebres do no longer symbolize tales of investigation of an man or woman and they are now not fictional. These are documents of real crime cases from France written down by Mr Pitaval. Despite the existence of the phrase pitaval, acting in Central Europe used to describe a man or woman solving crimes or a collection of criminal stories, the French collections cannot be unanimously described and distinctive as examples of detective fiction. Supporting the argument, one can say that the desirable description of crime in the initial part and following description of investigation in the second part fulfils the criteria for the detective genre. The emphasis is put on the story of crime and now not on the detective; this style is seen in later detective works.
One of the first authors of detective genre, writing the memories with the detective as a primary persona and the investigation of crime as a plot is Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849). In 1841, a century after François Gayot de Pitaval, Poe posted his first proper detective brief story “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” the place he introduces the parent of the genius male detective C. Auguste Dupin. The story starts with the double murder in an inaccessible locked room on the fourth floor, which permits the assassin to get in from neither outside of the building, nor from the insight. The homicide of the mother and her daughter is besides an apparent motif. An unprofessional eccentric detective Dupin determined to clear up the crime now not for the monetary reward, not due to the fact the police had ordered him; he investigates the murders for his entertainment and want to locate the actual murderer. Poe hooked up the conventions for writing detective literature. The first one is the determine of the fantastic detective. He solves the thriller via thorough remark of the crime scene, collects all the relevant facts about the sufferer and performs the profound analysis. This technique is described as ratiocination and Poe himself, therefore, referred to as his tales the stories of ratiocination. The second necessary aspect established by using Poe ́ s quick story is the nameless narrator. In “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”, the close buddy of Dupin presents the story to the reader, describes the investigation and compares Dupin ́s deductive method to the game.
“Let us feel a sport of draughts the place the pieces are decreased to four
kings, and where, of course, no oversight is to be expected. It is obvious that
here the victory can be determined (the players being at all equal) only by some
recherché movement, the end result of some strong exertion of the intellect. Deprived of normal resources, the analyst throws himself into the spirit of
his opponent, identifies himself therewith, and now not unfrequently sees thus, at a
glance, the sole techniques (sometime certainly absurdly easy ones) by means of which

he may seduce into error or hurry into miscalculation.”3 This extract from the story demonstrates the merely mental engagement besides any divine insights. Dupin ́s investigation is based totally on intuition, observation and rationality. The final element developing a body for later detective stories is the closing revelation of the perpetrator accompanied by the presentation of accrued records and facts main to the actual criminal. August Dupin appeared altogether in three detective quick tales “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”, “The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” and in the mystery of “The Purloined Letter”. This eccentric man C.Auguste Dupin whose characteristic stay style, unusual way of questioning and his omnipresent companion became a prototype for later superb detective and his assistant. Poe ́s contribution to the style of detective fiction is, therefore, the most considerable and can be marked by using right as the first milestone in the improvement of the basic detective fiction. While Poe called for the shorter structure of fiction, French novelist Émile Gaboriau (1832-1873) wrote the first full-length detective novel. He extended the form of the detective story and twenty-five years after Poe ́s ebook of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” considered the detective story as a complicated work, with its psychology and descriptions, no longer only of crime but additionally of characters and their thinking. This step closer to nowadays-popular shape of detective stories used to be no longer a very famous decision. Josef Škvorecký in his work described the elements of prose in short story as “elements distracting the interest from the real problem, tempting the author to mouthiness, longwindedness, emotionalism and the form of novel is considered almost a degeneration of the brief story.”4 On the contrary, the longer form enabled Gaboriau to pay attention to the improvement of characters however at the identical writing a detective novel demanded more craftsmanship and persistence in keeping the tension in the story and attention of the reader.

Gaboriau created two memorable detectives. The first one was an amateur detective Mister Tabaret, whose nickname used to be Père Tireauclair. He represents the determine of the splendid detective who leaves all the guide work to the assistant. His approach is therefore known as an “‘armchair detection’, in which the detective (normally an novice detective, as a substitute than a professional) solves a crime thru a procedure of logical deduction, or ratiocination, from the evidence that is to him or her by others.”5 The 2nd newbie detective, whose character was more developed and who regarded in numerous Gaboriau ́s novels, was once Monsieur Lecoq. Tabaret collectively with Lecoq seemed for the first time in the 1866 novel L’Affaire Lerouge. Lecoq represented an amateur detective and a potential police officer of the French Sûreté. The parent of Lecoq was once primarily based on the historical police officer Eugène François Vidocq. As a former criminal who grew to become the first director of La Sûreté Nationale and one of the first civil police forces in the area of crook investigations in the world, Vidocq had the information of the crook forces and knew how to locate them. Like Dupin, Tabaret and Lecoq are more instinctive and rational in their pursuit of the fact as an alternative than strict followers of the tangible evidence. One fascinating truth in the world of detective fiction is that the increase of detective literature commenced in the nineteenth century. “The paradox that there is despite the fact that no detective fiction before the 19th century adducing the obvious cause that you cannot have detective fiction earlier than you have detectives. It is a curious fact that the institution of the modern metropolitan police force as we now understand it did now not exist earlier than the nineteenth century.”6 This announcement corresponds with the 12 months of institution of French Sûreté in 1812 with the aid of Eugène François Vidocq and quickly observed via The Metropolitan Police in London shaped via Robert Peel in 1829.Returning to English writers, one of the first English detective novel writers is William Wilkie Collins with his 1868 novel The Moonstone. The position of the outstanding detective is in this novel given to a expert police officer, which makes this detective novel distinctive from these before mentioned. Sergeant Cuff used to be as a detective, charged with finding the stolen valuable diamond referred to as the Moonstone. By questioning the witnesses from the birthday celebration the place the Moonstone was once final seen in possession of younger heiress, and thorough investigation, Cuff subsequently exhibits the theft ́s identity and returns the precious stone to its real and felony owners. “Cuff has the standard traits of a superb detective: eccentric passion for roses, which activity him the most all through the most dramatic moments; his contempt for consultant of the nearby police force, Superintendent Seegrave and an appearance of a pater or a blackcoat alternatively that of a detective.”7 His unordinary characteristics conceal the truth that Cuff himself is a police Sergeant. According to Josef Škvorecký, there is every other author, Collins ́s modern and close friend, who wrote detective novels. This statement corresponds with the theory of Zdeněk Stříbrný who similarly proclaimed Charles Dickens to be a detective fiction writer. While Stříbrný wrote that Dickens ́s Bleak House (1852-53) is the pioneering work in the discipline of British detective fiction, Škvorecký writes: “Collins and Dickens did no longer even comprehend they are writing detective novels, so they wrote them like they wrote their different novels; they wanted to seize what they have been shooting elsewhere, and moreover, one novelty of their era: the detective and his hostilities with crime.” These contradictory statements say on one hand that Dickens wrote his Bleak House deliberately as a detective story, while on the other hand Škvorecký proposes Dickens to write only a novel containing an factor of detective stories.
The analysis of the records of detective style demands the suited definition of this genre. To define the detective novel is from many aspects difficult. Tzvetan Todorov in his learn about “The Typology of Detective Fiction” described three most important sub-categories of this genre. For the first type, Todorov establishes the novel containing a mystery known as whodunit. The 2nd subgenre is the style of a thriller and the ultimate kind is so-called suspense novel combining factors of the first and the 2d type. This classification does now not describe the improvement of totally awesome forms. They are all kinds of detective fiction coexisting together but following distinct rules. Their development is therefore no longer diachronic but every of the subgenres bears similar signs and symptoms with one distinctive
trace. The absolutely wonderful forms of the detective genre, placing the emphasis on the crook part of the story, are hard-boiled mode and police procedural. These styles were unfold and popular in the United States. In Britain, the emphasis was once positioned on the pure detective investigation and anxiety arising from uncertainty of revealing the real criminal. Numerous authors characterize the American hard-boiled mode. From the American authors for illustration Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler or John Dickson Carr. John Scaggs defines the police procedural as the most popular fashion in the United States after the World
War II. “The police procedural is a sub-genre of detective fiction that examines how a crew of professional policemen (and women) work together.”8 The distinction from British traditions is visible in the dominant work of a police team, not an individual detective. The police procedural is a traditional writing fashion of authors like Ed McBain9 or Chester Himes.As referred to before, the British writing style is specific from the American in
many aspects, which will be described in detail in the following chapters. The definition of detective genre is represented in the policies created to guide authors writing in this style. The strictest defendants of regulations forming true detective tales were Gilbert K. Chesterton and Ronald A. Knox. According to Škvorecký, the regulations had been formulated for the first time from the understanding of detection like a game and then as a logical end result the policies have been compiled. An American literary critic Williard Huntington Wright, better known as S.S. Van Dine, published “The Twenty Rules For Writing Detective Stories” in 1928. Year later, Knox revised the twenty regulations into ten new ones, which are known as the Knox ́s
Decalogue. Chesterton believed in Decalogue as the information that have to be obeyed and his enthusiasm led to his appointment to the President put up of Detection Club, which related the authors of detective thriller fiction of the twentieth century. As a president, Chesterton managed the oath, that each and every member must took and helped different writers to compose their works. The guidelines consisted of recommendation and guidelines for the writers what they can and what they must now not do with their novels. There used to be a rule prohibiting the supernatural intervention, regulations prohibiting a detective or his associate to be the murderers and the rule obliging the detective to present all the clues he finds to the reader. All these rules created a truthful play environment for the creator and his reader.
The Great and Eccentric Detectives

Not an ordinary man in any component and who most in all likelihood served as the mannequin in developing Sherlock Holmes and other Great detectives, therefore the character of detective Dupin need to be briefly analysed as the prototypical detective. Poe created Dupin as a man residing his existence in a seclusion of the world. He did now not experience the want of spending his free time in social clubs, discussing the novelties, politics or weather. Dupin, coming from the illustrious household used to be described as residing nearly at the edge of poverty however enriched by using his talent and wit. Beside the unknown narrator there is no proof of any friendships of Dupin neither does he point out his family. Dupin is an unordinary man in his style of thinking. He has a tremendous ability of observation of the smallest small print that no one else is in a position to realise. Dupin ́s remark capabilities are described as analytical and deductive. In the first chapter of “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” Dupin is described through the narrator as one of the first analysts. “The intellectual elements discoursed of as the analytical, are in themselves, however little prone of analysis. We respect them solely in their effects. We comprehend of them, amongst different things, that they are usually to their possessor, when inordinately possessed, a supply of the liveliest enjoyment. As the sturdy man exults his bodily ability, delighting in such exercises as call his muscular tissues into action, so glories the analyst in that moral exercise which disentangles. He derives pleasure from even the most trivial occupations bringing his Genius into play. He is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, hieroglyphics exhibiting in his – options of each a degree of acumen which seems to the normal apprehension preternatural. His result, added about by the very soul and essence of method, have in truth, the total air of intuition.”14 Edgar Allan Poe created a man with splendid statement skills who likes exhibiting them, showing his capabilities to others however the narrator himself admits that many times this system of deducting is solely a remember of intuition. For Dupin, the deductive analyses characterize a structure of recreation occupying his mind. “The emphasis on method is evident as early as Poe, who is generally responsible for creating the template of the ‘Genius Detective’ borrowed with the aid of Doyle in the advent of Sherlock Holmes.”15 Probably the most well-known fictional detective known for his deductive method applied to solving crimes and used as a shape of an enchantment for his bored mind is Sherlock Holmes, a fictitious newbie sleuth created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859- 1930). There is a visible parallel between the fictitious persona and his creator. Doyle began to write the Holmes stories no longer for the boredom of his mind but for the abundance of free time and the shortage of money. Doyle was once no longer the first writer to write about detective world however it was he who had mounted the primary standards of this genre.16 Doyle blended the incredible unordinary detective, his extra regular partner with the unique fashion of investigation and a excellent nemesis. “In growing Holmes, Doyle had been influenced via beforehand writers, such as Edgar Allan Poe and Jules Verne, whose tales linked the methods of ratiocination with an ingenious sense of wonder.” Beside the affect of his predecessors, Arthur Conan Doyle was once strongly influenced with the aid of his professor, an eccentric doctor Joseph Bell. During his find out about at the scientific college in Edinburgh Doyle used to be amazed through the deductive ability of Dr Bell who may want to analyse his patients after one minute of thorough statement of their behaviour and appearance. The model for the tempered behaviour of Holmes used to be another of Doyle ́s close friends. His colleague George Budd who was an great student, “brilliant however mercurial, Budd could talk expansively on situation after subject, than lapsed into moody silence.The life of the party at one moment, he should turn violent the next.”18 Holmes, like Budd, is a very tempered man, altering his thought each and every minute however can be calm and responsible at the equal time.


The only element that could turn, the in any other case calm man, into desperate lunacy, or the exactly opposite, a nation of lethargy, was once the lack of the intellectual work. “My mind," he said, "rebels at stagnation. Give me problems, provide me work, give me the most abstruse cryptogram or the most complicated analysis, and I am in my personal perfect atmosphere. I can dispense then with artificial stimulants. But I abhor the stupid movements of existence. I crave for mental exaltation. That is why I have chosen my own precise profession, or alternatively created it, for I am the solely one in the world.” This excerpt from “The Sign of Four” shows his obsessive wish for the occupation of his mind. Doyle described Holmes as a drug user, taking cocaine and morphine. When he lacked the stimulating case to untangle, Holmes, towards Watson ́s disapproval, motivated his Genius with pills that were now not unlawful in the course of the nineteenth century. Another vice, both of Holmes and Watson is tobacco, on which Holmes wrote a monograph discussing one
hundred and forty one-of-a-kind sorts of tobacco ashes. Like Dupin, Sherlock Holmes is not very sociable. “Holmes represented the values of modernity, he yearned for enchantment with his love for bizarre, stood backyard the conventions and each and every activities imaginations, creativity, unordinary techniques.”20 In no component is Holmes a representative of late Victorian gentleman. Holmes continually acts and speaks straightforwardly; he does now not think of the consequences his words may have and, therefore, does no longer have many friends. His only actual and shut pal is Doctor John H. Watson whose characteristic in the story is to alleviate Holmes ́s vanity and eccentricity. His conceitedness looks omnipresent in each and every action. Dr Watson inadvertently suggests his human face by way of descriptions of Holmes ́s attitudes, hidden attractions of his character and sooner or later via Watson ́s friendship, loyalty and admiration. The reader is acquainted with the proper and sincere section of Holmes through the narration of Watson. Unlike his relationship with Dr Watson, Sherlock Holmes is not capable to apprehend the relationship with woman. “In this famous story [A Scandal in Bohemia] Irene Adler outwits Sherlock Holmes and escapes the country with the very photograph he was employed to procure. Watson tells us that Holmes is lucky to be rid of her unfavourable female influence, the reason of so a good deal grit in the well-oiled wheels of male intelligence.”21 Holmes does no longer consider girls as equal to men; he sees them as a distracting component in his concentration. Likewise, he is now not able to recognize the nature, wishes and sensibility of women. Holmes besides any ethical remorse proposes marriage to the housemaid of his suspect.


“You’ll be fascinated to hear that I am engaged.”
“My dear fellow! I congrat—”
“To Milverton’s housemaid.”
“Good heavens, Holmes!”
“I desired information, Watson.”
“Surely you have long past too far?”
“It was once a most vital step. I am a plumber with a rising business, Escott through name. I have walked out with her each evening, and I have talked with her. Good heavens, those talks! However, I have got all I wanted. I recognize Milverton’s residence as I comprehend the palm of my hand.”


“But the girl, Holmes?” He shrugged his shoulders. Holmes, without expressing any type of disgrace or understanding, proposes to young Agatha only to be acquainted with her organization ́s routine. Another unique issue introduced to the character of Sherlock Holmes is his sturdy ethical principle. Despite the predicted ending annoying the punishment of the criminal and restoring the social balance, Doyle in his tales does no longer urge his fictional detective to this scenario.There are memories in which the moral standards of Sherlock Holmes prevail over the social orders. In “The Boscomb Valley Mystery” the offender is an old man whom Holmes had not printed to the police and who took his guilty secret to the grave. A comparable ending regarded in “The Five Orange Pips” where a divine justice intervened and sank the ship with the killer. Holmes let many criminals run away or intentionally hid their identity, for example in “The Blue Carbuncle”, a story where Holmes claims the thief so scared of the crime itself that he will never repeat it. In “A Scandal of Bohemia” Holmes unravels the thriller of the photograph but ensures his client, the King of Bohemia, about the protection of his photograph that is in the possession of the woman, Irene Adler. Often Holmes has a situation in the punishment of the murderer not by prison police means. In “The Speckled Band” Holmes


intentionally reverses the homicide attempt of a young female so the poisonous swamp adder kills his proprietor and the murderer Dr Roylott. Holmes is, therefore, not directly accountable for his demise however according to his moral sense, he is no longer guilty of homicide due to the fact he averted Roylott from committing his second murder. In the remaining example, “A Case of Identity”, the mundane justice is not fulfilled but Sherlock Holmes is guaranteed that once the offender will be punished. “That fellow will upward jab from crime to crime till he does something very bad, and ends on a gallows.”23 Beside Holmes ́s caprice, straightforwardness, addictions, human treatment and arrogance won Sherlock Holmes international popularity. His reputation changed the view of the readers to the extent that they believed Sherlock Holmes to be a real person. Many human beings interchanged the title of the fictitious persona for the name of his author. Therefore, many enthusiastic readers were dissatisfied when met Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and he did now not fulfilled their idealised photo of a tall, athletic man with signs and symptoms of addiction, deerstalker hat and a tobacco pipe. Instead, they noticed as an alternative plump, no longer very tall man with a moustache. All Sherlock Holmes stories have comparable structure. This repetitiveness likely originates from the fact that Doyle lacked the pastime in creating the Holmes testimonies because of his desire to write historic novels rather than famous fiction. Therefore, the normal story can be described in six steps.
1. a scene in the room at 221B Baker Street with the outlining of the unusual scenario by means of a letter or a patron or a police officer introduces a case
2. investigation at crime scene where Sherlock collects the first clues and data
3. Holmes proposes his first deductions
4. in addition investigation and interrogation
5. Sherlock plans the entrapping of the culprit or tries to keep away from the crime, which was introduced or is inevitable
6. the ultimate phase of the story includes punishment and the dramatic revelation;
entrapping the offender provides the reader with explanations of explanations main to the crime and culprits confession


The method main to the profitable ending is no longer primarily based solely on the deduction however also on Holmes ́s utility of new scientific strategies and the information of ancient crook cases, due to the fact “"There are no crimes and no criminals in these days," he said, querulously.” According to Holmes there are no crimes that would not copy the historic crimes. He says that there are patterns that are being repeated and Holmes has an extensive database of these well-known historical cases. Another representative of eccentric detective is Hercule Poirot. An elderly bold Belgian refugee who settled in England and used to be occasionally unintentionally drawn into a mysterious homicide investigation. “Poirot didn’t even have to arrive to provoke a murder.Whether traveling by means of educate (Murder on the Orient Express, 1934), plane (Death in the Clouds, 1935), or ship (Death on the Nile, 1937), Poirot intended positive dying to at least one of his fellow passengers.” Hercule Poirot is a honest man with funny French accent, typical walk, hypochondriac signs and every so often nearly womanlike behaviour. According to Michal Sýkora Poirot is “small in appearance, of chubby stature, with egg-like head, usually dressed in flawlessly fitting go well with with a brooch on a lapel, waxed leather shoes and a hat.” Unlike Holmes and Dupin, Poirot has many friends. Hercule Poirot appeared for the first time in the novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles. This is the quintessential novel that provides the readers with the first data about the future well-known detective. To photograph this unusual man, numerous citations from this novel will be used. A narrator of the story, Arthur Hastings, makes the very first picture about Poirot at the establishing of the story when talking to a
company at Styles. ”I came throughout a man in Belgium once, a very well-known detective, and he quite infected me. He was a marvellous little fellow. He used to say that all proper detective work used to be a mere depend of method. [...] He used to be a humorous little man, a extraordinary dandy, but splendidly clever."


From the very establishing the reader has expertise about Poirot ́s cleverness, intellect and first notion about his appearance. Following the story, the reader finds another describtion of Poirot, made once more via his historic pal Hastings. “Poirot used to be an magnificent looking little man. He was once hardly ever extra than five feet, four inches, but carried himself with outstanding dignity. His head was once exactly the form of an egg, and he continually perched it a little on one side. His moustache used to be very stiff and military. The neatness of his apparel was nearly incredible. I believe a speck of dust would have prompted him greater ache than a bullet wound. Yet this quaint dandified little man who, I was once sorry to see, now limped badly, had been in his time one of the most celebrated individuals of the Belgian police. As a detective, his flair had been extraordinary, and he had done triumphs by means of unravelling some of the most baffling cases of the day.” What makes this man so terrific in the area of crime solving is, as he himself explains in many novels, his utilization of those little gray cells of brain. Poirot ́s approach is based totally on affected person listening to people, he let them talk about the most ordinary things from their lives and is even capable to detect when somebody is lying to him or pretends about their feeling. He maintains his suspicions and finally, in front of all the humans related to the case, explains what has in reality occurred and how it was once done. Poirot in this style of investigation is a little bit extraordinary from Holmes. Holmes himself many times observed the crook and hurried to visit the homicide scene. Poirot is more the type of an “armchair detective”. Another difference between these two detectives is their method to scientific novelties. While Holmes is well acquainted with chemistry, anatomy and physics, and can recognise one hundred and forty one-of-a-kind types of tobacco ashes, Poirot does no longer specific any unordinary expertise or pastime in these disciplines. His investigation is based totally on psychological evaluation of suspect ́s behaviour and thorough remark of the crime scene revealing the smallest relationship between facts. The police officer who investigates the same crime with Poirot, affords the facts about the time of dying and different forensic information.


Following the instance of Dupin and Holmes, Agatha Christie created her most famous character as a man who no longer usually thinks of the feelings of others. Hercule Poirot frequently makes a remark about the cleverness of others and is no longer afraid to tell what he genuinely thinks of them.In The Murder of Roger Ackroyd, Poirot reminisces about his buddy Hastings who after his marriage left for Argentina: “Also, I had a buddy - a friend who for many years in no way left my side. Occasionally of an imbecility to make one afraid, although he was very pricey to me. Figure to yourself that I leave out even his stupidity. His naiveté, his truthful outlook, the pleasure of delighting and shocking him by means of my ideal items – all these I leave out more than I can inform you.”29 This excerpt proves the statement of his straightforwardness. Probably the fine example is his superiority of his mind to the Genius and functions of the police. The representatives of the Scotland Yard are in accordance to Poirot, incapable of any logical deductions and desirable investigation. Agatha Christie created Detective Chief Inspector James Harold Japp from Scotland Yard, who is in Poirot ́s eyes a gastronomical newbie with no longer very first-rate intellect, to be a counterpart to Poirot. Inspector Japp offers criminal body for Poirot ́s investigations, recommends Poirot to the sufferer ́s family, asks him for recommendation and after all is one of Poirot ́s closest friends. Hercule Poirot, not like Holmes has sturdy ethical principles. Poirot believes in justice and urges to fulfil it. The standard Poirot story ends with the revelation of assassin ́s identity and bringing the perpetrator to the justice, represented via the official police pressure of Scotland Yard. Before the justice is achieved, Poirot explains the factors of the criminal act. The revelation of the murderer ́s identification is always executed in front of all people connected with the crime. This is a usual trace of Agatha Christie ́s detective fiction. Poirot gather friends and family of the victim and collectively with his partner and the police officer post the clues accumulated for the duration of the case investigation. Poirot regularly connects motives and clues with the current guests. He explains all the doubtful relations and data and finally, dramatically exhibits the identity of the real murderer. The only novel, which did now not fulfil the otherwise common scenario is The Murder of Roger Ackroyd. The most possible suspect is accused but to be absolved from the terrible crime, the real assassin have to confess. When Poirot receives the wi-fi message, his suspicions are tested and he dismisses the session for he may want to speak to the actual assassin that takes place to be his friend. Poirot urges him to confess and so the final revelation is presented between Poirot and the criminal and now not as normally finished throughout the session