Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

part of confiscation of the proceeds of crime). 
Thus, according to Article 75 of the Criminal Code of Slovenia, money, valuables and any other property 
gains, which have been received through and as a result of crime, are subject to confiscation from the offender 
or their recipient, and if they cannot be confiscated, then assets equivalent in value to such property gains 
are subject to confiscation. If property gains or their equivalent value assets cannot be confiscated from the 
offender or other recipient, the offender is obliged to pay the amount of money equivalent to such gain. In 
the event when it is justified, court may permit payment of such amount of money by instalments, however 
period of payment shall not exceed two years. 
Such property gain, acquired through or as a result of crime, may be confiscated from persons it has been 
transferred to free of charge or for an amount of money not corresponding to its real value, if such persons 
knew or ought to have been known that property had been acquired through or as a result of crime. If it has 
been transferred to close relatives of a person who committed the crime, or when, with a purpose of evasion 
from confiscation, any other property has been transferred to such persons, that property is subject to 
confiscation from them, except for the cases, when they are in a position to demonstrate that they made the 
actual payment for the value of the property. 
If proceeds of crime have been received by several persons acting jointly, corresponding proportions of their 
proceeds are subject to confiscation, and if they cannot be clearly identified, then such proportions are to be 
determined by court based on examination of all circumstances of the case. 
Article 77 of the Criminal Code of Slovenia stipulates confiscation of property from a legal person, if the 
person acquired it through or as a result of crime. Property gain or its equivalent property of a legal person 
is also subject to confiscation, if the offender or the recipient transferred such property to the legal person 
free of charge or amount of money that does not correspond to its real value. Moreover, Article 77b of the 
Criminal Code of Slovenia separately stipulates that confiscation applies to property, which the offender or 
other persons, whose property is confiscated, use solely or primarily for their own benefit with the consent 
of the persons owning such property, if these persons knew or ought to have known that it has been acquired 
through crime or that it had been used for preparation, commitment or concealing of crime, or that it has 
been acquired with an intention to be used for crime (as a property acquired through crime or related to 
crime). 
In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 112 of the Criminal Code of