Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



Download 1,98 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet42/103
Sana06.06.2022
Hajmi1,98 Mb.
#641254
1   ...   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   ...   103
Bog'liq
OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Lithuania
stipulates that the property may not be confiscated from a third person, if 
this person was not aware and could not have been aware that such property represented the instrumentalities 
or proceeds of crime, if it was not acquired through a fictitious transaction or by certain categories of persons 
(paragraph 4 of Article 72), which does not fully correspond to the minimum standards specified in Article 
6 of the Directive 2014/42/EU. The legislation of 
Romania
contains a similar approach and only with respect 
to instrumentalities used to commit a crime; applied criterion – if third party ‘was not aware of the purpose 
of use’ (paragraph 3 of Article 112 of the Criminal Code of Romania). 
Standards to protect the fights of bona fide third party are yet to be implemented into the legislation of 
Latvia
. Third party rights are specified in Article 360 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and, according to this 
Article, if criminally acquired property has been found on a third person, such property shall be returned, on 
the basis of ownership, to the owner or lawful possessor thereof, and, if criminally acquired property has 
been returned to the owner or lawful possessor thereof, the third person who acquired such property, or 
pledge, in good faith has the right to submit a claim, in accordance with civil procedures, regarding 
compensation for the loss, including against an accused or convicted person. Hence, essentially, such third 


41 
 
parties are not in the position to exercise their rights in the criminal procedure, provided that the ‘good faith’ 
conditions, clearly defined by the law, are adhered to. 
In 
Georgia
and 
Kyrgyzstan
, safeguards for the bona fide third party rights are provided for in the civil law. 
In accordance with the criminal law of 
Kazakhstan
, the money and other property, which the convicted 
person has transferred into the ownership of other persons, is subject to confiscation (paragraph 5 of Part II 
of Article 48 of the Criminal Code) without any substantiation of the relation of other persons to this fact 
and the circumstances of such transfer, which may engender serious problems in applying this principle from 
the standpoint of the right to possession property. 
It should be noted that the legislation of some countries of the ACN does not envisage, totally or precisely, 
the safeguards for ‘innocent owners’, whose property has been used by participants of a criminal act as the 
instrumentality to commit this act (for example, when a person provides his country house to his friend who 
used the house to discuss a corruption transaction), without them knowing about the criminal purpose for 
which their property has been used (such countries as Latvia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, and others). 
Consequently, in order to ensure a proper respect to the rights of bona fide third parties in the course of 
confiscation of property, it is necessary that the safeguards against abuse: (a) cover, in terms of volume, the 
confiscation of both the criminal proceeds and the instrumentalities of crime, (b) are based the material 
criteria clearly specified in the law or formed by judicial practice (both objective and subjective – they are 
provided in the introduction of the ‘Objects of confiscation measures’ section), and (c) include the procedural 
rights (being communicated about the measures taken in regard to property, participation in the process, the 
right to be heard, adduce arguments for its own benefit, the right to appeal the confiscation decision). 


42 

Download 1,98 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   38   39   40   41   42   43   44   45   ...   103




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish