Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia


H. European Court of Human Rights



Download 1,98 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet13/103
Sana06.06.2022
Hajmi1,98 Mb.
#641254
1   ...   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   ...   103
Bog'liq
OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

H. European Court of Human Rights 
Confiscation of property inevitably affects the fundamental human rights and freedoms, including the ones 
specified in the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the 
protection over observance of which is within the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights 
(hereinafter referred to as the Court). 
Deprivation of an individual’s property as part of criminal forfeiture, as well as the application of 
presumptions, which are set forth by the law, in order to share the burden of proof between a prosecutor and 
accused, or to reverse the burden of proof onto a defendant in the civil forfeiture cases, when an individual 
may be obliged to explain the source of origin of their assets to avoid confiscation, may, in one way or 
another, affect the following rights ensured by the 1950 Convention: 
- fair trial (paragraph 1 of Article 6 establishes that, in the determination of his civil rights and obligations 
or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable 
time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law); 
- presumption of innocence (paragraph 1 of Article 6 establishes that everyone charged with a criminal 
offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law); 
- free possession of property (Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention establishes that every natural 
or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his 
possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general 
principles of international law. The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of 
a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property). 


17 
 
The European Court of Human Rights has examined the issues of conformity of the Convention with 
domestic legislations of a number of countries of the Council of Europe that envisage the application of 
coercive measures on confiscation of criminal property.
Thus, in the 
Raimondo v. Italy
8
case (Judgement of 22 February 1994), the Court examined the conformity 
of the Convention with Italian laws aimed at the fight against mafia and application of confiscation in 
relevant cases. The applicant was accused of mafia activities. In January 1986, court of the first instance 
acquitted the applicant due to the lack of evidentiary support, while the court of appeal acquitted him due to 
the failure to establish the actual circumstances of the crime in January 1987. Referring to provisions of 
Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 to the Convention, the applicant waged a grievance that 16 real estate items 
and 6 automobiles were seized on 13 May 1985 and that some of the mentioned property was confiscated 
based on the court decision dated 16 October 1986. With respect to seizure, the European Court noted that, 
in accordance with the law, the intention was not to deprive the applicant of his property, but rather to prevent 
its use (control the use of property as per paragraph 2 of Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1). 
In accordance with the Italian law, that was a temporary measure in order to secure the opportunity for future 
confiscation of the property that, apparently, was the fruit of unlawful activity performed to the detriment of 
the society. The measure in itself, therefore, was justified by public interest and, taking into account the 
particular danger posed by the economic might of such ‘organisation’ as the mafia, it is hard to say the 
measure was disproportionate to its cause. In view of this, the Court did not find a violation of Article 1 of 
the Protocol #1 in terms of application of the measures on seizure of applicant’s property.
With respect to confiscation of a number of property items, which took place on 16 October 1985, the 
European Court did not find a violation of the Article either. That said, the Court proceeded from the basis 
that, in accordance with Italian judiciary practice, confiscation of such nature did not entail the transfer of 
title of ownership to the State until the final court decision in that regard. Such final decision was not rendered 
in that case, since the applicant appealed the order dated 16 October 1985 in the court of appeal, and, 
therefore, the issue was about controlling the use of property and such control measure was proportionate to 
its cause, considering also that it entailed no further limitations compared to seizure. However, the European 
Court did find a violation of Article 1 of the Protocol No. 1 with respect to the fact that, after, on 2 December 
1986, the court of appeal had taken the decision on resumption of the whole property to its owners following 
the removal of the relevant registry records, it took from 7 months up to 4 years and 8 months for the 
authorities to resolve the legal status of that property. Such measure was not based on the law and there was 
no need to execute control over the property for the sake of public interest within the meaning of Article 1 
of the Protocol No. 1. 
In the 

Download 1,98 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   ...   103




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish