Conference proceedings

THEORETICAL STUDY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF NANOPARTICLES AND 
NANOSTRUCTURAL MATERIALS THAT DIFFER FROM COMPACT MATERIALS 
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University, Azadlig, 20, Az 1010 Baku, Azerbaijan. 
[e-mail]
 
Abstract
. This article discusses some of the properties of individual nanoparticles and nanostructural 
materials that are different from compact materials. It has been found that solubility increases with increasing dispersion. However, 
this is only true for the relative radius of curvature. Numerous theoretical studies have shown that the solubility zone in a nano 
environment expands relatively to compact materials. 
Keywords
: nanoparticle, nanomaterial, nanosystem, nanostructure, phase state. 
У.Н. Мусеви 
A.V. Sharifova

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Introduction 
The transition of metals from a liquid state to a crystalline solid is called primary crystallization. The process of 
forming new crystals inside a solid crystalline substance is called secondary crystallization. The process of crystallization 
obeys the second law of thermodynamics. According to this law, any system tries to get the minimum value of free 
energy. If the energy of the solid state is low, the metal crystallizes, and if the liquid state is low, it melts. Free energy 
is the part of internal energy that can be converted to work under isothermal conditions. With the temperature change 
metal changes its value during melting, solidification, polymorphic transformation [1].
Numerous studies carried out to date have shown that the phase state of matter in nanosystems changes relatively 
to the phase state of a compact (bulk) material [2, 3]. These changes include melting temperature and polymorphic 
transformations, stabilization of non-equilibrium spade and the formation of unobserved phases in compact materials. 
Conclusion. 
It was found that the following properties distinguish nanoparticles from compact materials to one degree or 
another: 
Unlike compact material, nanomaterials do not have vacancies and dislocations. Defects exist mainly in the 
form of single or multiple duplication (twin) planes; 
In nanomaterials, the specific surface area (surface area per gram or kilogram of substance) is too large; 
Electrical properties: electrical conductivity, extreme conductivity phenomenon; ferromagnetic properties: 
supermagnetism, size dependence of coercive force, size dependence of Curie temperature; thermal properties: size 
dependence of heat capacity, thermal conductivity of the crystal lattice of nanomaterials.