Community Ecology, biol 7083 – Spring 2014 Louisiana State University – Department of Biological Sciences Reference List

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Parker, Ingrid M. & Gregory S. Gilbert. 2004. The evolutionary ecology of novel plant-pathogen interactions. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution & Systematics 35:675-700.

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Sanford, Eric, Melissa S. Roth, Glenn C. Johns, John P. Wares & George N. Somero. 2003. Local selection and latitudinal variation in a marine predator-prey interaction. Science 300:1135-1137.

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Vermeij, Geerat J. 1987. Evolution and Escalation: An Ecological History of Life. Princeton University Press.

Westover, K. M. & J. D. Bever.  2001.  Mechanisms of plant species coexistence: complementary roles of rhizosphere bacteria and root fungal pathogens.  Ecology 82:3285-3294.

Williams, G. C. & R. M. Nesse. 1991. The dawn of Darwinian medicine. Quarterly Review of Biology 66:1–22.

Williams, Kathy, Kimberly G. Smith & Frederick M. Stephen. 1993. Emergence of 13-yr periodical cicadas (Cicadidae: Magicicada): Phenology, mortality, and predator satiation. Ecology 74:1143-1152.

Wilson, Erin E., Lynne M. Mullen & David A. Holway. 2009. Life history plasticity magnifies the ecological effects of a social wasp invasion. PNAS xx:xxx-xxx.

7. Pair-wise species interactions: Herbivory
Abrahamson, Warren G., ed. 1989. Plant-Animal Interactions. McGraw-Hill Publishing, New York, NY.

Adler, Lynn S. 2000. Alkaloid uptake increases fitness in a hemiparasitic plant via reduced herbivory and increased pollination. American Naturalist 156:92-99.

Adler, Lynn S. 2003. Ecology 2083-2091.

Agrawal, Anurag A. 1998. Leaf damage and associated cues induce aggressive ant recruitment in a Neotropical ant-plant. Ecology 79:2100-2112.

Agrawal, Anurag A., Mark Fishbein, Rayko Halitschke, Amy P. Hastings, Daniel L. Rabosky & Sergio Rasmann. 2009. Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses. PNAS xx:xx-xx.

Belsky, A. J., W. P. Carson, C. L. Jensen & G. A. Gox. 1993. Overcompensation by plants: Herbivore optimization or red herring? Evolutionary Ecology 7:109-121.

Bennett, A. & J. D. Bever. 2007.  Mycorrhizal mediation of plant response to herbivory.  Ecology 88:210–218.

Benrey, Betty & Robert F. Denno. 1997. The slow-growth-high-mortality hypothesis: A test using the cabbage butterfly. Ecology 78:987-999.

Bond W. J. & J. A. Silander. 2007. Springs and wire plants: anachronistic defences against Madagascar's extinct elephant birds. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 274:1985-1992. [Notice the ghosts of herbivory past!]

Bruinsma, M., and M. Dicke. 2008. Herbivore-induced indirect defense: from induction mechanisms to community ecology. Pages 31-60 in A. Schaller, editor. Induced plant resistance to herbivory. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. [Add fig. from Amanda Accamando’s presentation!]

Coley, P. D. 1983. Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest. Ecological Monographs 53:209-233.

Coley, P. D. & J. A. Barone. 1996. Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 27:305-335.

Coley, P. D., J. P. Bryant & F. S. Chapin, III. 1985. Resource availability and plant anti-herbivore defense. Science 230:895-899.

Coley, Phyllis D., John Lokvam, Kathleen Rudolph, Keryn Bromberg, Tara E. Sackett, Leslie Wright, Tania Brenes-Arguedas, Dan Dvorett, Seth Ring, Alex Clark, Caroline Baptiste, R. Toby Pennington & Thomas A. Kursar. 2005. Divergent defensive strategies of young leaves in two species of Inga. Ecology 86:2633-2643.

Dietz, Hansjörg, Lea R. Wirth & Holger Buschmann. 2004. Variation in herbivore damage to invasive and native woody plant species in open forest vegetation on Mahé, Seychelles. Biological Invasions 6:511-521.

Dyer, L. A., M. S. Singer, J. T. Lill, J. O. Stireman, G. L. Gentry, R. J. Marquis, R. E. Ricklefs, H. F. Greeney, D. L. Wagner, H. C. Morais, I. R. Diniz, T. A. Kursar & P. D. Coley. 2007. Host specificity of Lepidoptera in tropical and temperate forests. Nature 448:696-699.

Ehrlich, P. & P. Raven. 1964. Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution. Evolution 18:586-608.

Fadzly, Nik, Cameron Jack, H. Martin Schaefer & K. C. Burns. 2009. Ontogenetic colour changes in an insular tree species: signalling to extinct browsing birds? New Phytologist x:xx-xx. [Notice the ghosts of herbivory past!]

Farrell & Mitter. 1998. The timing of insect/plant diversification: might Tetraopes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Asclepias (Asclepiadaceae) have co-evolved? Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 63:553-577.

Feeny, P. P. 1976. Plant apparency and chemical defense. Pp. 1-40 in J. Wallace & R. L. Mansell, eds., Biochemical Interactions Between Plants and Insects. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 10. Plenum Press, USA.

Fine, Paul V. A., Italo Mesones & Phyllis D. Coley. 2004. Herbivores promote habitat specialization by trees in Amazonian forests. Science 305:663-665.

Futuyma, D. J. 1976. Food plant specialization and environmental predictability in Lepidoptera. The American Naturalist 110:285-292.

Goheen, Jake – from seminar at LSU 11/9/09, thorniest acacias on richest soils at Mpala (counter Coley predictions)

Greenwood & Atkinson (1980) [Moa-browsing hypothesis]

Grubb, Peter J. 1992. A positive distrust of simplicity – lessons from plant defences and from competition among plants and animals. Journal of Ecology 80:585-610.

Hay, Mark E. 1997. The ecology and evolution of seaweed-herbivore interactions on coral reefs. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. I:23-32.

Herms, D. A. & W. J. Mattson. 1992. The dilemma of plants: To grow or defend. The Quarterly Review of Biology 67:283-335.

Howe, H. F. & J. S. Brown. 2001. The ghost of granivory past. Ecology Letters 4:371-378.

Janzen, D. H. 1980. When is it coevolution? Evolution 34:611-612.

Karban, Richard. 1989. Community organization of Erigeron glaucus folivores: effects of competition, predation and host plant. Ecology 70:1028-1039.

Karban, R. & I. T. Baldwin. 1997. Induced Responses to Herbivory. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Kitajima, Kaoru. 1994. Relative importance of photosynthetic traits and allocation patterns as correlates of seedling shade tolerance of 13 tropical trees. Oecologia 98:419-428.

Marquis, Robert J. 1984. Leaf herbivores decrease fitness of a tropical plant. Science 226:537-539.

Marquis, Robert J. & Helen Miller Alexander. 1992. Evolution of resistance and virulence in plant-herbivore and plant-pathogen interactions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:126-129.

McNaughton, S. J. 1983. Serengeti grassland ecology: The role of composite environmental factors and contingency in community organization. Ecological Monographs 53:291-320.

McNaughton, S. J. 1985. Ecology of a grazing ecosystem: The Serengeti. Ecological Monographs 55:259-294.

Moles, Angela T. et al. 2010. Functional Ecology. [Lat. gradients in defense & herbivory]

Novotny, Vojtech, Scott. E. Miller, Jiri Hulcr, Richard A. I. Drew, Yves Basset, Milan Janda, Gregory P. Setliff, Karolyn Darrow, Alan J. A. Stewart, John Auga, Brus Isua, Kenneth Molem, Markus Manumbor, Elvis Tamtiai, Martin Mogia & George D. Weiblen. 2007. Low beta diversity of herbivorous insects in tropical forests. Nature 448:692-695.

O’Dowd, D. J. & M. F. Wilsson. 1989. Leaf domatia and mites on Australian plants: Ecological and evolutionary implications. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 37:191-236.

Parker, John D., Deron E. Burkepile & Mark E. Hay. 2006. Opposing effects of native and exotic herbivores on plant invasions. Science 311:1459-1461.

Parker, John D. & Mark E. Hay. 2005. Biotic resistance to plant invasions? Native herbivores prefer non-native plants. Ecology Letters 8:959-967.

Pennings et al. 2009. Ecol. – lat. gradient in herbivory (see Ganesh’s proposal)

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Rhoades, D. F. & R. G. Cates. 1976. Toward a general theory of plant antiherbivore chemistry. Pp. 168-213 in J. Wallace & R. L. Mansell, eds., Biochemical Interactions Between Plants and Insects. Recent Advances in Phytochemistry 10. Plenum Press, USA.

Stamp, Nancy. 2003. Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. The Quarterly Review of Biology 78:23-55.

Steinberg, Peter D., James A. Estes & Frank C. Winter. 1995. Evolutionary consequences of food chain length in kelp forest communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92:8145-8148.

Strong, Donald R. 1988. Insect host range. Ecology 69:885.

Tiffin, Peter. 2000. Are tolerance, avoidance, and antibiosis evolutionarily and ecologically equivalent responses of plants to herbivores? American Naturalist 155:128-138.

Turlings T. C. J., Tumlinson, J. H., and W. J. Lewis. 1990. Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant odors by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science 250:1251-1253. [Add fig. from Amanda Accamando’s presentation!]

Van Bael, Sunshine A., Jeffrey D. Brawn & Scott K. Robinson. 2003. Birds defend trees from herbivores in a Neotropical forest canopy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100:8304-8307.

Walter, D. E. & D. J. O’Dowd. 1992. Leaves with domatia have more mites. Ecology 73:1514-1518.

Wold, E. N. & R. J. Marquis. 1997. Induced responses to early-season herbivory in white oak: Effects on late-season herbivores and benefits to the plant. Ecology 78:1356-1369.

Young, T. P. 1987. Increased thorn length in Acacia depranolobium - an induced response to browsing. Oecologia 71:436-438.

8. Pair-wise species interactions: Mutualisms (pollination, seed dispersal, trophic & defense symbioses, etc.)
Adler, Lynn S. 2000. Alkaloid uptake increases fitness in a hemiparasitic plant via reduced herbivory and increased pollination. American Naturalist 156:92-99. [Same as for herbivory this year!]

Arnold, A. E., Z. Maynard, G. Gilbert, P. D. Coley & T.A. Kursar. 2000. Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse? Ecology Letters 3:267-274.

Axelrod, R. & W. D. Hamilton. 1981. The evolution of cooperation. Science 211:1390–1396.

Barlow, Connie. 2000. The Ghosts of Evolution. Basic Books, New York, NY.

Bergstrom, Carl T. & Michael Lachmann. 2003. The Red King effect: When the slowest runner wins the coevolutionary race. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 100:593-598.

Bertness, Mark D. & Ragan Callaway. 1994. Positive interactions in communities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9:191-193.   

Bever, J. D.  2002.  Negative feedback within a mutualism: Host-specific growth of mycorrhizal fungi reduces plant benefit.  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.  269: 2595-2601.

Bever, J. D.  2003.  Soil community dynamics and the coexistence of competitors: Conceptual frameworks and empirical tests.  New Phytologist 157:465-473.

Bever, J. D., S. Richardson, B. M. Lawrence, J. Holmes & M. Watson.  2009.  Preferential allocation to beneficial symbiont with spatial structure maintains mycorrhizal mutualism.  Ecology Letters 12:13–21.

Boucher, D. H., ed. 1985. The Biology of Mutualism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Boucher, D. H., S. James & K. H. Keeler. 1982. The ecology of mutualism. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:315-347.

Bronstein, J. L. 1994. Our current understanding of mutualism. The Quarterly Review of Biology 69:31-51.

Bronstein J. L. 2001. The exploitation of mutualisms. Ecology Letters 4:277-287.

Bronstein J. L. 2001. The costs of mutualism. American Zoologist 41:825-839.

Bronstein J. L., R. Alarcon & M. Geber. 2006. The evolution of plant-insect mutualisms. New Phytologist 172:412-428.

Burns, K. C. 2003. Broad-scale reciprocity in an avian seed dispersal mutualism. Global Ecology & Biogeography 12:421-426.

Clay, K. & J. Holah. 1999. Fungal endophyte symbiosis and plant diversity in successional fields. Science 285:1742-1744.

Connor, R. C. 1995. The benefits of mutualism: A conceptual framework. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 70:427-457.

Currie, Cameron R., Bess Wong, Alison E. Stuart, Ted R. Schultz, Stephen A. Rehner, Ulrich G. Mueller, Gi-Ho Sung, Joseph W. Spatafora & Neil A. Straus. 2003. Ancient tripartite coevolution in the attine ant-microbe symbiosis. Science 299:386-388.

Denison, R. Ford, E. Toby Kiers & Stuart A. West. 2003. Darwinian agriculture: when can humans find solutions beyond the reach of natural selection? Quart. Review Biol. 78:145-168.

Freeman, S. & Rodriguez, R. J. 1993. Genetic conversion of a fungal plant pathogen to an nonpathogenic, endophytic mutualist. Science 260:75-78.

Futuyma, Douglas J. & Montgomery Slatkin, eds. 1983. Coevolution. Sinauer Assoc. Inc., Sunderland, MA.

Grime, P. J., J. M. L. Mackey, S. H. Hillier & D. J. Read. 1987. Floristic diversity in a model system using experimental microcosms. Nature 328:420-422.

Harder, Lawrence D. & Steven D. Johnson. 2009. Darwin’s beautiful contrivances: evolutionary and functional evidence for floral adaptation. NewPhytologist 183:530-545.

Herre, Edward Allen. 1996. An overview of studies on a community of Panamanian figs. Journal of Biogeography 23:593-607.

Herre, E. A., N. Knowlton, U. G. Mueller & S. A. Rehner. 1999. The evolution of mutualisms: Exploring the paths between conflict and cooperation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14:49-53.

Hoeksema, Jason D. & Emilio M. Bruna. 2000. Pursuing the big questions about interspecific mutualism: A review of theoretical approaches. Oecologia 125:321-330.

Howe, Henry F. 1985. Gomphothere fruits: a critique. American Naturalist 125:853-865.

Howe, Henry F. & Maria N. Miriti. 2004. When seed dispersal matters. BioScience 54:651-660.

Jandér, K. Charlotte & Edward Allen Herre. 2010. Host sanctions and pollinator cheating in the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism. Proc. Roy. Soc. B x:xx-xx.

Janzen, Daniel H. 1966. Interaction of the bull’s horn acacia (Acacia cornigera L.) with an ant inhabitant (Pseudomyrmex ferrugineq F. Smith) in eastern Mexico. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 47:315-558.

Janzen, Daniel H. 1985. Spondias mombin is culturally deprived in megafauna-free forest. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1:131-155. [Notice the ghosts of seed-dispersal mutualism past!]

Janzen. 1985. xxx. In D. Boucher, ed. The Biology of Mutualism. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Janzen, Daniel H. & Paul S. Martin. 1982. Neotropical anachronisms: the fruits the gomphotheres ate. Science 215:19-27.

Johnson, N. C., P. J. Copeland, R. K. Crookston & F. L. Pfleger. 1992. Mycorrhizae: Possible explanation for yield decline with continuous corn and soybean. Agronomy Journal 84:387-390.

Johnson, N. C., J. H. Graham & F. A. Smith 1997. Functioning of mycorrhizas along the mutualism-parasitism continuum. New Phytologist 135:1-12.

Johnson, N. C., G. D. Tilman & D. A. Wedin. 1992. Plant and soil controls on mycorrhizal fungal communities. Ecology 73:2034-2042.

Jordano, Pedro. 1995. Frugivore-mediated selection on fruit and seed size: birds and St. Lucie's cherry, Prunus mahaleb. Ecology 76:2627-2639.

Kersch, Monica Frank & Carlos Roberto Fonseca. 2005. Abiotic factors and the conditional outcome of an ant-plant mutualism. Ecology 86:2117-2126.

Kiers, E. Toby, Robert A. Rousseau, Stuart A. West & R. Ford Denison. 2003. Host sanctions and the legume-rhizobium mutualism. Nature 425:78-81.

Knight, T. M.,  J. A. Steets, J. C. Vamosi, S. J. Mazer, M. Burd, D. R. Campbell, M. R. Dudash, M. O. Johnston, R. J. Mitchell & T.-L. Ashman. 2005. Pollen limitation of plant reproduction: pattern and process. Annual Reviews of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 36:467–497.

Lanner, Ronald M. 1996. Made for Each Other: A Symbiosis of Birds and Pines. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Leigh – Genes, bees & ecosystems

Leigh, Egbert, Jr. 1994. Do insect pests promote mutualism among tropical trees? Journal of Ecology 82:677-680.

Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr. 1999. Tropical Forest Ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

Leigh, Egbert Giles, Jr. & Thelma Elizabeth Rowell. 1995. The evolution of mutualism and other forms of harmony at various levels of biological organization. Ecologie 26:131-158.

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Ollerton, J. 2006. "Biological Barter": Patterns of Specialization Compared across Different Mutualisms. pp. 411-435 in: Waser, N.M. & Ollerton, J. (Eds) Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization. University of Chicago Press.

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Roy, B.A. and A. Widmer. 1999. Floral mimicry: a fascinating yet poorly understood phenomenon. Trends in Plant Science 4:325-330. [See also Bitty Roy’s work on Dracula orchid floral mimicry of fungi.]

Seifert, E. K., J. D. Bever & J. M Maron.  2009.  Evidence for evolution of reduced mycorrhizal dependence during plant invasion.  Ecology 90:1055–1062.

Silliman, Brian R. & Steven Y. Newell. 2003. Fungal farming in a snail. PNAS 100:15643-15648.

Stachowicz, John J. & Robert B. Whitlatch. 2005. Multiple mutualists provide complementary benefits to their seaweed host. Ecology 86:2418-2427.

Thompson, John N. 1982. Interaction and Coevolution. John Wiley and Sons, NY, NY.

Thompson, John N. 1994. The Coevolutionary Process. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.

Thompson, John N. Geographic Mosaic… apparently a book…

Wagner, Diane. 2000. Pollen viability reduction as a potential cost of ant association for Acacia constricta (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany 87:711-715.

Wang, B. & Y. L. Qiu. 2006. Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants. Mycorrhiza 16:299–363.

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Wright, David Hamilton. 1989. A simple, stable model of mutualism incorporating handling time. The American Naturalist 134:664-667.

9. Multiple-species interactions: Food webs; foundation species, interaction networks, keystone species & ecosystem engineers; higher-order interactions; indirect effects (e.g., apparent competition); top-down & bottom-up effects; tri-trophic interactions; trophic cascades; assembly rules (including priority effects, and contrasts with ecological filters or sieves); extended phenotypes; etc.
Allesina, Stefano, David Alonso & Mercedes Pascual. 2008. A general model for food web structure. Science 320:658-661.

Bakun, Andrew. 2006. Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: Navigating the “predator pit” topographies. Progress in Oceanography 69:271-288. [“typical community configuration, featuring many species at the bottom, many at the top, but contstricted to a very few dominant species at a mid-level…”; “the major control in these ecosystems may be neither ‘btoom up’ nor ‘top down’ but rather ‘both up and down from the middle’” pg. 272.]

Bascompte, Jordi. 2009. Mutualistic networks. Front. Ecol. Environ. 7:429-436.

Beckerman, Andrew P., Maria Uriarte & Oswald J. Schmitz. 1997. Experimental evidence for a behavior-mediated trophic cascade in a terrestrial food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 94:10735-10738.

Bennett, A., J. Alers-Garcia & J. D. Bever.  2006.  Mechanisms of tritrophic interactions between plants, herbivores and AM fungi.  American Naturalist 167:141–152.

Billick, Ian & Ted. J. Case. 1994. Higher order interactions in ecological communities: What are they and how can they be detected? Ecology 75:1529-1543.

Bond, W. J. 1994. Keystone Species. Pp. 237-253 in Ernst-Detlef Shulze & Harold A. Mooney (eds.). Biodiversity & Ecosystem Function. Springer, NY, NY.

Bond, W. J. 2005. Large parts of the world are brown or black: a different view on the ‘Green World’ hypothesis. J. Veg. Sci. 16:261-266.

Borer, E. T., B. S. Halpern & E. W. Seabloom. 2006. Asymmetry in community regulation: effects of predators and productivity. Ecology 87:2813-2820.

Briand, F. 1983. Environmental control of food web structure. Ecology 64:253-263.

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Chase, J. M. 2007. Drought mediates the importance of stochastic community assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:17430-17434.

Chase, Jonathan M., Peter A. Abrams, James P. Grover, Sebastian Diehl, Peter Chesson, Robert D. Holt, Shane A. Richards, Roger M. Nisbet & Ted J. Case. 2002. The interaction between predation and competition: A review and synthesis. Ecology Letters 5:302-315.

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Cohen, Joel. 1989. Ecology: Just proportions in food webs. Nature 341:104-105.

Cohen, Joel E., Tomas Jonsson and Stephen R. Carpenter. 2003. Ecological community description using the food web, species abundance, and body size. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA 100:1781-1786.

Connell, Joseph H. 1990. Apparent versus “Real” Competition in Plants. Pp. 9-26 in James B. Grace & David Tilman, eds. Perspectives in Plant Competition, Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY.

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Crooks, Kevin R. & Michael E. Soulé. 1999. Mesopredator release and avifaunal extinctions in a fragmented system. Nature 400:563-566.

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Dodson, S. I. 1970. Complementary feeding niches sustained by size-selective predation. Limnology and Oceanography 15:131-137.

Drake, James A. 1990. Communities as assembled structures: Do rules govern pattern? TREE 5:159-164.

Drake, James A. 1991. Community-assembly mechanisms and the structure of an experimental species ensemble. The American Naturalist 137:1-26.

Dyer, Lee A. & Deborah Letourneau. 2003. Top-down and bottom-up diversity cascades in detrital vs. living food webs. Ecology Letters 6:60-68.

Dyer, L. A., T. R. Walla, H. F. Greeney, J. O. Stireman & R. F. Hazen. 2010. Diversity of interactions: a metric for studies of biodiversity. Biotropica 42:281-289.

Ellison, Aaron M., Michael S. Bank, Barton D. Clinton, Elizabeth A. Colburn, Katherine Elliott, Chelcy R. Ford, David R. Foster, Brian D. Kloeppel, Jennifer D. Knoepp, Gary M. Lovett, Jacqueline Mohan, David A. Orwig, Nicholas L. Rodenhouse, William V. Sobczak, Kristina A. Stinson, Jeffrey K. Stone, Christopher M. Swan, Jill Thompson, Betsy Von Holle & Jackson R. Webster. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3:479-486.

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Estes, J. A., M. T. Tinker, T. M. Williams & D. F. Doak. 1998. Killer whale predation on sea otters linking oceanic and nearshore ecosystems. Science 282:473-476.

Estes, J. A. et al. 2011. Trophic downgrading of planet Earth. Science.

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Goheen, Jake – from seminar at LSU 11/9/09, seeming indirect mutualism between mice and megaherbivores, since when megaherbivores excluded, mice suffer (???).

Gratton, Claudio & Robert F. Denno. 2003. Seasonal shift from bottom-up to top-down impact in phytophagous insect populations. Oecologia 134:487-495. [“It is now generally accepted that bottom-up and top-down forces act in concert to influence populations of most phytophagous insects” pg. 134]

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