Common Core Essential Elements Mathematics

Counting & 
Cardinality
Number and Operations in Base Ten
Ratios and 
Proportional 
Relationships 
Number & Quantity 
The Number 
System 
Algebra
Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Expressions and Equations
Functions
Functions
Geometry
Measurement and Data
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and Probability
Modeling
K
High School
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Number and 
Operations — Fractions 

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COMMON CORE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS for MATHEMATICS 
 
 
XXIII
Mathematical Proficiency
Mathematical proficiency is necessary for every student; therefore, 
understanding concepts and being fluent with procedural skills 
are both important. This means that educators must intentionally 
engage students at all levels so they are readily able to understand 
important concepts, use skills effectively, and apply mathematics to 
make sense of their changing world. 
Adding it Up 
(National Research Council, 2001), a major research 
report that informed the development of the Common Core 
State Standards for Mathematics, emphasizes the five strands of 
mathematical proficiency: conceptual understanding, procedural 
fluency, adaptive reasoning, strategic competence, and productive