Civil war (1642-1648) and the English Bourgeois Revolution

Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)
The 1st period of his literary work (50 - 60s) was closely connected with & based on folklore - popular stories, fairy tales, legends & tall tales ("The CelebratedGumping Frog of Calabenes Country"). The 2^nd - A number of fantastic or imaginary tales were written at that time(The Adventures of Tom Sawyer","The Prince and the Pauper").The 3rd was marked by his satirical attitude towards reality. In his publicist works & his numerous short stories he exposed many vices of American life, political affairs & intrigues (The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg", "We are Americanizing Europe", "As I Run for the Government”). He achieved great success as a writer and public speaker. His wit and satire earned praise from critics and peers, and he was a friend to presidents, artists, industrialists, and European royalty.
18. Naturalism in Am. Literature. S.Crane, J.London
A type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity on studying of human beings. Unlike realism, which focuses on literary technique, naturalism implies a philosophical position, taking place from the 1880s to 1940s. They believed that one's heredity and social environment largely determine one's character.
Stephen Crane (November 1, 1871 – June 5, 1900) was an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Stephen Crane's fiction is typically categorized as representative of Naturalism, American realism, Impressionism or a mixture of the three. Crane's work concerns ideals versus realities, spiritual crises and fear. Crane's first novel was the 1893 Bowery tale Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, which critics generally consider the first work of American literary Naturalism. His Civil War novel The Red Badge of Courage (1895) realistically depicts the psychological complexities of battlefield emotion and has become a literary classic. He was nearly forgotten, however, until two decades later when critics revived interest in his life and work Although recognized primarily for The Red Badge of Courage, which has become an American classic. Maggie: a girl of the streets.