China Business Guide 中 国 商 务 指 南 2009 (The Light Industry)


Source: China National Light Industry Council



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Source: China National Light Industry Council

Chapter 5 Development of China's Light Industry in the Past Five Years

5.1 Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry

China is the largest producer in the world of grains, vegetables, fruits and meat production. However, they are only simply processed with semi-finished products being more than finished products. Intensively processed grains account for less than 8% of the total output in China, while the figure for developed countries is more than 70%. Over 90% vegetables in developed countries in Europe, North America, as well as Japan and other developed countries have undergone commercial processing before being circulated. The proportion is only as small as 30% in China. 75% of apples are processed in Germany, but 10% in China. The figure for oranges is over 70% in the United States and Brazil, but less than 10% in China. As a leading meat producing country in the world, China produces a quarter of world total output but processes only 5%. It is clear that China's food processing level far lags behind the countries which are advanced in food processing.

At present, the overall development and food processing stage of the agricultural and non-staple food processing industry in China were both low. The ratio between total output value of food industry and total output value of agriculture is an important indicator of a country's overall development level of food industry. The ratio in developed countries ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1. The figure for the United States is 3.7:1 and that for Japan is 2.2:1. But the ratio in China in 2003 was 0.43:1, which is 1.07:1 to 1.57:1 less than that in developed countries. Industrial food processing proportion of food consumption is 90% in developed countries, lower than 38% in developing countries, but merely 20% in China, which is slightly higher than half of the proportion in developing countries and less than 25% of that in developed countries. In 2002, the total industrial output value of the world food industry was US$ 2.9 trillion, of which, US$ 600 billion in the United States, US$ 400 billion in the European Union, and US$ 300 in Japan. The total output value in China was US$ 130 billion, accounting for 4.5% of the world total. China's population accounts for one fifth of the world population. Food industrial output value per capita in China is less than 1/4 of the world average. In a word, the food industry output proportion of agriculture output, industrial food consumption proportion and food industrial output values per capita in China are all far below the levels in developed countries. Some indicators are significantly lower than the world average level or even level in other developing countries. This shows that China has a very long way to go before becoming a country with a leading food industry.

Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry is the most important sector of China's light industry. In 2008, the output value of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry accounted for 24.82% of the total output value of light industry. Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry directly influences the development of China's light industry. Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry includes grain grinding, feed processing, vegetable oil processing, sugar manufacturing, slaughtering and meat processing, aquatic product processing, vegetable, fruit and nut processing and other agricultural and non-staple food processing.

The number of enterprises involved in agricultural and non-staple food processing industry stood at 14,097 in 2004 and increased to 19,741 in 2008, up by 40.0%. The asset size was 510.8 billion yuan in 2007 and grew to 972 billion yuan in 2008. The industrial output value and sales revenue were 834.5 billion yuan and 813.6 billion yuan in 2004 and increased to 2,103.1 billion yuan and 2,043.7 billion yuan in November 2008. The production and sales as well as total profits saw a rapid growth.

Figure 5-1 Scale growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008


Item

Jan.-Nov. 2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Number of enterprises

19741

18140

16356

14575

14097

Average annual employees

27.1

26.5

23.9

22.2

19.7

Total asset (100 million yuan)

9720

8798

6924

5751

5108

Total industrial output value (100 million yuan)

21031

17496

12973

10615

8345

Industrial sales revenue (100 million yuan)

20437

17131

12695

10366

8136

Contribution margin(100 million yuan)

661

894

565

399

248

Source: China National Light Industry Council

The industrial output value of grain grinding industry reached 97.9 billion yuan in 2004 and increased to 364.3 billion yuan in 2008, a 3.7 times increase in five years, the highest sector among the industry. The industrial output value of sugar manufacturing was 33.2 billion yuan in 2004 and 62.6 billion yuan in 2008, a 1.9 times increase in five years. Furthermore, the total output value of sugar manufacturing accounted for 3% of the output value of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry. In 2008, as the largest sectors of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry, slaughtering and meat processing and vegetable oil processing accounted for 22% and 20% of the total output value respectively, followed by grain grinding and feed processing.



Figure 5-2 Total output value of major sectors of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry

2004-2008 Unit: RMB 100 million

Item

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Grain grinding

3643

2632

1819

1352

979

Feed processing

3681

2583

1810

1577

1257

Vegetable oil processing

4322

3219

2395

2160

1838

Sugar manufacturing

626

562

502

361

332

Slaughtering and meat processing

4730

3618

2700

2244

1652

Aquatic product processing

2322

1994

1625

1343

1142

Other non-staple food processing

2229

1648

1187

897

653

Source: China National Light Industry Council

The sales costs of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry increased from 734.6 billion yuan in 2004 to 1821.9 billion yuan in 2008. The year-on-year growth kept rising. The management expenses increased from 8.7 billion yuan in 2004 to 36 billion yuan in 2008. The expenses from January to November in 2008 went up by 28.1% on a year-on-year basis. The year of 2008 saw a sharp drop in management expenses. From January - November, 2008, the industry saw a year-on-year growth of 36.2% in sales costs, 28.1% growth in management expenses and 27.7% growth in financial expenses.



Figure5-3 Costs and expenses of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008

Item

Jan.-Nov. 2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Sales costs (RMB 100million )

18219

14908

11144

9202

7346

Year-on-year growth (%)

36.2

33.8

21.1

25.3

39.6

Management expenses (RMB 100 million )

360

155

118

102

87

Year-on-year growth (%)

28.1

31.7

16.0

17.5

19.8

Financial expenses (RMB 100 million )

170

894

565

399

248

Year-on-year growth (%)

27.7

58.1

41.7

60.6

43.3

Source: China National Light Industry Council

The asset growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry kept a very high growth rate from 2004 to 2008, and peaked at 27.1% in 2007. The asset-liability ratio maintained a steady change, which reached as high as 62.4% in 2004 but dropped down in the following years with a favorable liability proportion. The year of 2008 saw a sharp decrease in profits. The world economic recession and the domestic economic slowdown directly influence the profit growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry. However, the total industrial output value of this industry still grew fast. The first 11 months of 2008 saw a sharp increase of 35.95%. The annual employee growth rate maintained steady, which was 7% in 2006 and 2008, and higher in 2007.



Figure 5-4 Profit growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008 Unit: %

Item

Jan.- Nov. 2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Asset growth rate

18.16

27.1

20.4

12.6

18.9

Asset-liability

57.46

56.8

57.6

59.5

62.4

Profit growth rate

19.5

58.1

41.7

60.6

43.5

Growth rate of total industrial output value

35.95

34.9

22.2

27.2

35.6

Annual employee growth rate

7.28

10.9

7.7

12.7

8.2

Source: China National Light Industry Council

The rice output was 1.167 million tons in 2004 and 4.467 million tons in 2008, up by 33.8% on a year-on-year basis. The rice output growth kept higher than 30% for three consecutive years. The year-on-year growth of wheat flour, mixed feed and finished sugar decreased in 2008. The growth rate of finished sugar decreased by 9.9 percentage points on a year-on-year basis. The wheat flour output was 79.371 million tons in 2008, 2.3 times that of the output in 2004.



Figure5-5 Major products output of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008

Name

Rice

Year-on-year increase or decrease

Wheat

flour


Year-on-year increase or decrease

Mixed

feed


Year-on-

year increase

or decrease


Finished

sugar


Year-on-year

increase or

decrease


10,000

tons


(%)

10,000

tons


(%)

10,000

tons


(%)

10,000

tons


(%)

2008

467.7

33.8

7937.1

23.7

11142.1

19.6

1449.9

14.0

2007

338.1

37.8

6526.8

28.0

9318.9

22.8

1283.0

33.9

2006

240.9

33.6

5193.0

28.3

7440.7

13.1

966.6

8.9

2005

176.6

33.4

3992.3

31.9

6420.3

24.4

957.0

-9.3

2004

116.7

16.2

3424.4

20.7

5175.9

11.9

1056.5

-0.8

Source: China National Light Industry Council

Top 50 enterprises in terms of tax payment of Chinese agricultural and non-staple food processing industry in 2007 are listed as follows.



Figure5-6 Top 50 enterprises list in terms of taxes of Chinese agricultural and non-staple food

processing industry in 2007

Ranking

Region

Name of enterprise

Tax

(RMB 10,000)



1

Henan

Henan Shuanghui Investment & Development Co., Ltd.

33530

2

Jiangsu

Eastocean Oils & Grains Industries (Zhangjiagang) Co., Ltd.

21793

3

Guangxi

Nanning Sugar Industry Co., Ltd..

20683

4

Guangxi

Guangxi Funan East Asia Sugar Co., Ltd.

17733

5

Shenzhen

Southseas Oils & Fats Industrial (Chiwan) Limited

16319

6

Guangxi

Guangxi Dongmen Nanhua Sugar Co., Ltd.

13280

7

Yunnan

Lincang Nanhua Sugar Co., Ltd.

13187

8

Guangxi

Guangxi Tiandong Nanhua Sugar Limited Liability Company

12230

9

Guangxi

Longzhou Nanhua Sugar Limited Liability Company

12202

10

Guangxi

Guangxi Bo Qing Food Company Ltd.

11998

11

Guangxi

Guangxi Chongzuo East Asia Sugar Co., Ltd.

11671

12

Guangxi

Guangxi Fengtang Biochemical Co., Ltd.

10834

13

Guangxi

Dahai Grain and Oil Industry (Fangchenggang) Co., Ltd.

10232

14

Guangxi

Guangxi Tuolu Dongya Sugar Co., Ltd.

9807

15

Yunnan

Yunnan Dehong Yingmao Sugar Co., Ltd.

9616

16

Guangxi

Guangxi Guitang (Group) Co., Ltd.

9156

17

Jiangsu

Nanjing Yurun Food Co., Ltd.

8946

18

Guangxi

Guangxi Ningming East Asia Sugar Co., Ltd.

8943

19

Guangxi

Guangxi Laibin Eastern Sugar QianJiang Co., Ltd.

8084

20

Shandong

Linyi Xincheng Jinluo Meat Products Co., Ltd.

7246

21

Guangxi

Guangxi Laibin Yongxin Sugar Co., Ltd.

6479

22

Guangxi

Guangxi Boxuan Food Co., Ltd.

6436

23

Jilin

Yellow Dragon Food Industry Co., Ltd.

6423

24

Jiangsu

Yihai (Lianyungang) Grain and Oil Industry Co., Ltd.

6364

25

Jilin

Changchun Dihao Foodstuff Development Co., Ltd.

6249

26

Shandong

Shandong Shouguang Juneng Golden Corn Co., Ltd.

5890

27

Guangxi

Guangxi Laibin Eastern Sugar Phoenix Co., Ltd.

5855

28

Guangxi

Guangxi Haitang East Asia Sugar Co., Ltd.

5833

29

Shandong

Shandong Xiwang Sugar Co., Ltd.

5702

30

Guangxi

Guangxi Daxin Leiping Yongxin Sugar Co., Ltd.

5567

31

Guangxi

Liuxing Sugar Making Limited Company of Guangxi Farming Reclamation Sugar Industry Group

5289

32

Hebei

Hebei Tianlu Sugar Co., Ltd.

5199

33

Guangxi

Guangxi Chongzuo Sungain Sugar Co., Ltd.

5034

34

Guangxi

Guangxi Bohua Food Co., Ltd.

4983

35

Shandong

Laiyang Luhua Nongxiang Peanut Oil Co., Ltd.

4759

36

Jilin

Changchun Dacheng Corn Development Co., Ltd.

4723

37

Shandong

Shandong Delicious Food Joint Stock Company

4650

38

Shandong

COFCO Huanghai Grain and Oil Industry (Shandong) Co., Ltd.

4508

39

Tianjin

Kerry Oil & Grain (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.

4473

40

Guangxi

Guangxi Yongkai Sugar LLC., Zuojiang Branch

4418

41

Yunnan

Yunnan Longling County Kangfeng Sugar Co., Ltd.

4400

42

Guangxi

Honghe Sugar Making Limited Company of Guangxi Farming Reclamation Sugar Industry Group

4203

43

Guangdong

Guangzhou Malt Co., Ltd.

4118

44

Guangxi

Heng County GuanGui Sugar Co., Ltd.

4093

45

Shandong

Linyi Shansong Biological Products Co., Ltd.

4038

46

Guangxi

Guangxi Shang Shang Sugar Co., Ltd.

4001

47

Guangxi

Shanglin Nanhua Sugar Industry Co., Ltd.

3883

48

Ningbo

Ningbo Malt Co., Ltd.

3852

49

Liaoning

Jinzhou Yuancheng Bio-chem Technology Co., Ltd.

3733

50

Guangxi

Guangxi Baise Ganhua LLC

3532

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