Child Psychology and Psychiatry



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Most research on severe, recurrent unexplained
pain that leads to medical help-seeking has
147


Somatization and somatoform disorders
been done on children presenting with stomach
aches and headaches, but multiple complaints
are common in these children. In a classic study,
Apley found that around 10% of schoolchildren
had at least three bouts of abdominal pain severe
enough to affect activities over a period of 3
months; comparable rates have been found in
preschool children [1]. Associated physical symp-
toms include pallor, vomiting, fever, headache
and subsequent sleepiness and lethargy. Children
may look quite unwell, which reinforces parental
worries about physical illness.
Headaches commonly present as migraine
and tension headaches, although in practice the
differentiation between the two types is often not
clear-cut and both may coexist.

In migraine the headache is periodic, severe and
unilateral, accompanied by a visual aura, nausea,
vomiting and a family history of migraine.

Tension headaches are described as non-
paroxysmal, frequent, bilateral, like ‘a band’
or ‘heavy weight’ or ‘fullness’, with associated
dizziness.
Abdominal pains and headaches form part of
ICD-10’s persistent somatoform pain disorder,
when the pain is persistent, severe and distressing
and occurs in association with emotional conflict
or psychosocial problems that are sufficient to
be considered to have an aetiological influence.
In dissociative (conversion) disorders there is a
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