participants, this sense of being different created
or exacerbated a sense that they were somehow
‘damaged’ and that there was ‘something wrong’
with them.
POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS
OF TREATMENT
In contrast to research on pharmacological
treatments there has been a tendency not to look
systematically for adverse effects of psychother-
apeutic treatments. However, existing research
suggests some potential adverse consequences
of treatment that would benefit from scrutiny in
future research. For example, there are indications
that individual psychotherapy undertaken in the
absence of concurrent parent/family work may
have a negative impact on family functioning.
There is a suggestion also that unsuccessful
treatment in childhood may result in a preoc-
cupied/entangled attachment style in adulthood.
In addition some adults who received treatment
in childhood describe how the treatment itself
compounded a sense they had that there was
‘something wrong with them’ and for some there
was an anxiety that it may have resulted in a
tendency to be overly introspective.
CONCLUSION
The application of psychoanalytic understanding
to psychotherapeutic work with children has a
long tradition. Hopefully this work will continue
to evolve and develop with the contribution of new
insights from large-scale treatment trials, develop-
mental psychology and neuroscience.
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