Child Psychology and Psychiatry


Evidence base for treatment



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066 Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Evidence base for treatment
Reviews of the literature on adolescent treatment
outcomes have concluded that treatment is better
than no treatment [21]. Naturalistic follow-up of
young people in a number of treatment settings
in the USA showed decreased substance misuse
and criminal involvement, as well as improved
psychological adjustment and school performance,
one year after treatment [21,22]. Family therapy
approaches such as multisystemic therapy [23] and
multidimensional family therapy [24] have the
best evidence base for efficacy across a number of
domains [25], although individual approaches such
as cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) – both
alone and in combination with motivational
enhancement – have been shown to be efficacious
[26,27]. There is an emerging evidence base for
brief motivational interviewing as well [28–30].
Most of the research on psychological treat-
ment comes from the USA, and is not necessarily
directly applicable to the UK context, both in terms
of the resources required and cultural differences.
However, there are significant overlaps between
different forms of psychotherapies in both theoret-
ical conceptualizations and therapeutic techniques,
and building on existing skills of practitioners
working across voluntary and statutory agencies
in the UK could prove to be an effective and
cost-effective way of delivering evidence-based
interventions. Essential elements of a successful
treatment programme may include the following:

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