Чет тиллар факультети инглиз тили ўҚитиш методикаси кафедраси

Literature:
1. Cluysenaar A. Introduction to Literary stylistics. London, 1976.
2. Kramsch C. Context and Culture in Language teaching. Oxford University Mess 1990.
3. H.Y.Widdowson. practical stylistics. Oxford University press 1992.
4. Alan Maley and Alan Duff. The Inward bar Poetry in the language classroom. Cambridge Handbook New York, 1990.
5. Norris C. Theory and Practice. London, 1982.
13 Seminar. Categories of the text.
Questions for consideration:
14 Seminar. Modality of fiction and literary text.


15 Seminar. Analyzing the author’s style
Point of view: 1) Does the author speak in his own voice or does he present the events from the point of view of one of the characters? 2) Has the narrator access to the thoughts and feelings of all the characters or just one? 3) Does the narrator sympathise with any of the characters or remain aloof and detached? Is the attitude explicit or implicit? 4) Can we trust the narrator’s judgement?
There is no art without emotion. Fiction appeals to the reader through the senses and evokes responsive emotions. In every literary work the writer’s feelings and emotion are reflected in tone, attitude and atmosphere [3, p. 64].
Atmosphere is the general mood of a literary work. It is affected by the plot, setting, characters, details, symbol, and language means.
The author’s attitude is his view of the character’s and actions, which reflects his judgement f them. It establishes the moral standards according to which the reader is to make his own judgements about the problem raised in the story.
The attitude of a writer determines the tone of the story, i.e. the light in which the characters and events are depicted. Therefore, the tone is closely related to the atmosphere and attitude. The tone may be expressed through:
· emotionally coloured words;
· an extensive use of imagery created by tropes;
· poetic words and structures;
· intensifiers (so, such, very, still, etc.)
· figures of speech
Tone:
Tone-shifts, which often occur in fiction, may accompany not only a change in the subject, but also a change in the narrative method or in the style. The interaction of rhythm, style and tone establishes and maintains the mood, or the atmosphere of the literary work.
One should also distinguish between the prevailing tone of a literary work as a whole and emotional overtones, which may accompany particular scenes in the story. They all form a tonal system that reflects the changes of the narrator’s attitude to his subject matter [3, p. 68]. The analysis of tone, attitude and atmosphere is a moving towards the underlying thoughts and ideas contained in the work.
In what vein does the narrator tell the story? Is it calm and tranquil or is it charged with tension and emotions? 2) What note does the initial paragraph of the story strike? On what note does the story end?
3) How does the word choice and syntax contribute to the atmosphere? 4) What images (cluster of images) impart the story a cheerful, melancholy, angry, humorous or sarcastic tone?
Plot: 1) How does the story unfold? What are the bare facts of the story? 2) Which episodes have been given the greatest emphasis? 3) Does the end follow logically from the rest of the story or is it a surprise?