Chapter2 theoretical background

2.2.3 Hybridity


The emphasis of postcolonialism theory is in the aspect of hybrid identity. As the writer has mentioned before, hybridity is a postcolonial thought where cultural identity such as racial purity and nationality are mixed into one culture. It also refers to the creation of a new culture form which is produced by colonization. (Barry, 1995, p.195)
For instance Barnes said as quoted by Lola Young in Hybridity and its Discontents, apparently if two chemicals have same structures or functional groups, they might 'like' or fall in 'love'. Furthermore, if they collide into contact, physically and electromagnetically, they might 'marry' or the chemistry will have reaction. Once the marriage occurred, the new blend or chemical will show effects similar to both chemicals before the 'marriage', but the effects are not the same from any one of the two original chemicals. Then, hybrid is created. Another example is when sugar alters from a solid form to a liquid like water and the water changes from tasting neutral to tasting sweet like sugar. This is normally happens in the case of harmful drugs (mixing with melanin) -called a hybrid (2000, p.l60). Thus, from the explanations above we can conclude that hybridity is a situation where two or more different races or cultures are mixed and produces a new culture.
2.3 Stereotype


To comprehend what stereotype really is, it is worth to deem the three basic principles that we can identify as the writer quoted in Stereotypes as Explanations below:

(a) stereotypes are aids to explanation,

_{(b) stereotypes are energy-saving devices, and}


(c) stereotypes are shared group beliefs (McGarty, Yzerbyt and Spears, 2002, p.7)


From the quotation above the writer concludes stereotypes as a form that helps people understand about the situation. Stereotypes are also an efficient tool to conclude something or give quick judgement to other even it is negative thing. And stereotypes should be formed according to the views which are determined by social groups.

A literary stereotype is the biggest issue in society about the way people build impressions and views of social groups (McGarty, Yzerbyt and Spears, 2002, p.i). It reflects the idea about other people who are different from them. The different image is easy to be recognized and understood by others who have the same views. There are many kinds of the stereotypes happen in society, such as ethnic, physical attractiveness, sex, gender, race, age, etc. For examples "black people are considered as primitive and harmful", meanwhile "white people are considered intelligent and harmless". That means the contents of the stereotypes have a huge impact on how we behave. Stereotypes also ignore the individual uniqueness by giving descriptions of all the members of the group with the same image. (J. Schneider, 2004, p.434-436)