Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction


Design Procedures: Part 6



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HVAC HANDBOOK

Design Procedures: Part 6
257
Figure 8.40
Variable-frequency drive (VFD) controller. (
Courtesy of Toshiba Interna-
tional Corp., Industrial Division.
)
8.3.4
Auxiliary control devices
This classification includes relays, transducers, switches, and timers.
8.3.4.1
Relays and transducers.
The dictionary speaks of a
relay
as a
device for amplifying, modifying, or passing on a signal. Relays may
be pneumatic, hydraulic, electric, electronic, or optical and may have
many different functions. A
transducer
is a special kind of relay which
deals with modulating signals and changes a signal from one form of
energy to another or which amplifies or attenuates the signal in the
same energy form.
The most common traditional form of a relay is the
electromechan-
ical relay
(Fig. 8.41
a
and
b
), a two-position device which utilizes an
electromagnetic coil, called a
solenoid,
to move a plunger or an ar-
mature to open and / or close electrical contacts. The
time-delay relay
(Fig. 8.42) is similar, but the movement of the plunger is restricted by,
in this illustration, a diaphragm enclosing an air chamber from which
air bleeds slowly through a leak port. The time interval is adjusted by
varying the leak-port orifice. In modern practice, most time-delay re-
lays are electronic, typically variable-set-point, multifunction, solid-
state devices. In all these, the control voltage (to the solenoid or the
solid-state counter) and the load voltage (on the contacts) are usually
Design Procedures: Part 6
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