212
Chapter Seven
still an interface region between chilled water and return water which
must be discounted in calculating the net storage capacity. See Ref. 2
for a further discussion of this thermal storage topic.
7.9
Heat Recovery Plants
The recognition that a machine (chiller) used to generate chilled water
rejects low-grade heat that is normally thrown away, but could be used
for heating in certain applications, gives rise to a variation in plant
design which may have economic desirability. The
coefficient of per-
formance
(COP) of the heating side of a centrifugal or helical-gear
chiller is on the order of 6:1 or more:
12,000 Btu / ton
⫹
(0.7 kW / ton
⫻
3410 Btu
䡠
h / kWh)
COP
6.0
H
(0.7 kW / ton)(3410 Btu
䡠
h / kWh)
This means that for every 1 unit of purchased power, 6 units, more or
less, of heat can be delivered at near condensing temperatures, given
an adequate resource to the evaporator. For many systems, the re-
source can be the internal heat of a building, recovered by the cooling
coils. The reclaimed heat can be used for heating ventilation air, for
reheat, for offsetting envelope heat losses, and perhaps for heating
domestic water. Well water, lake water, stream waters, cooling-tower
waters, etc., have all been successfully used as a heat recovery re-
source.
The coefficient of performance indicates that electricity, which is of-
ten too valuable to use for direct resistance heat, can be applied for
less cost than more conventional fossil fuels such as oil and natural
gas.
In counterpoint, the fuel utilities are promoting the use of gas or oil
in fuel-fired absorption chillers. These chillers require 10,000- to
20,000-Btu input for every ton of effective cooling, and the heating
COP can be calculated as
12,000 Btu / (ton
䡠
h)
⫹
10,000 Btu / (ton
䡠
h)
COP
⫽
⫽
2.2
H
10,000 Btu / (ton
䡠
h)
The operating-cost comparison, then, is whether the cost of electric-
ity divided by the electric COP is less than the cost of fuel divided by
the absorber COP, with the fuel consumption adjusted for combustion
efficiency. Note that there will still be capital cost factors to consider.
There are still other factors to consider in the economic analysis.
Some chillers are fitted with double-bundle condensers to segregate a
heating loop from a cooling-tower loop. Chillers designed for higher
Design Procedures: Part 5
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |