Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

208
Chapter Seven
Figure 7.10
Central plant, one-to-one arrangement.
and store cooling capacity at off hours to reduce the peak electrical
demand of the complex. This is meaningful since an electrically driven
chiller and pumps may represent 20 to 30 percent or more of the total
building demand. Further, many utilities offer financial incentives to
owners who will incorporate demand shifting concepts into building
system designs. The utility benefit is that a kilowatt of shifted or de-
ferred demand is equivalent to a kilowatt of new generating capacity.
Note that there is little actual energy saving in thermal storage. It
takes almost as much energy—or more energy—to make chilled water
at night as during the day, particularly where storage systems use
colder primary supply water temperatures.
The thermal storage media are usually water in large-volume tanks;
ice as part of the circulating chilled water system or indirectly made
by dropping the chilled water temperature to below freezing (requires
a glycol-brine chilled water solution) and building ice on a heat
exchange surface; or blocks of encapsulated eutectic salts, where the
salts undergo a phase change in the middle of the chilled water
Design Procedures: Part 5
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