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Chapter Twelve
1. UPS systems may be a useful, even required component of a critical
HVAC service and will be included in the HVAC and electric system
design.
2. UPS systems themselves create points of significant heat release
which must be dealt with through ventilation, exhaust, or air con-
ditioning.
The first interest is usually defined by the specific project and is a
function of the supported service. The second is then dictated to the
HVAC design and must be accommodated. If the UPS systems run 24
h / day, so must the related cooling, even if the general HVAC system
is on time-of-day control.
Each transformation of power generally involves a release of 5 to
15, even 20 percent of the power handled. For example, a motor-
generator set involves a 10 percent energy loss in the driving motor
and another 10 percent energy loss in the driven generator, for an
overall device loss of 20 percent or more of the power transformed.
Electronic UPS systems may be more efficient with only 10 to 15 per-
cent losses in the overall transformation process. This energy loss
shows up as a heat rejection to the space. On a small scale, such as a
UPS device for a single personal computer, the loss of 20 to 30 W out
of 200 to 300 W total of unit capacity seems insignificant, but must
be included in the capacity of the space air conditioning system. The
factor is significant if many units are involved. Small UPS devices may
be switched with the equipment served.
Where a larger UPS system is developed to serve a large load such
as a mainframe computer, the heat rejection of the UPS system be-
comes a
spot load,
usually with a 24 h / day operating schedule.
Modern UPS assemblies with electronic voltage management tech-
nology usually require a stable environment between 60 and 85
⬚
F that
is free of moisture condensation. The air will typically be filtered to
reduce the potential of particulate collection on the circuit boards.
Some device manufacturers can tolerate a wider range of temperature,
but stable conditions free of rapid temperature swings seem to be a
universal preference for maximum life of the equipment.
Many UPS units have self-contained fan-powered internal ventila-
tion. The fans take in room air, blow it over the circuit boards and
components and through the unit, and discharge it out an opening on
the top or side (back, front), or toward the floor. The challenge is to
capture the heat into the return air or exhaust air path while intro-
ducing supply air or makeup air into the room. UPS systems are now
seldom treated with unconditioned outside air because summer tem-
Electrical Features of HVAC Systems
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