Design Procedures: Part 3
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5.10
Noise Control
Noise is generated in HVAC systems by motors and mechanical de-
vices, principally fans and pumps, as well as by the airstream itself.
The subject of acoustics and noise control is discussed in Chap. 20.
5.11
Indoor Air Quality
The issue of indoor air quality
10
has taken on much significance in
recent years as the effects of air quality on human health and even
life safety have become better known. There are many factors associ-
ated with air quality. Concern is for airborne particulates and for gas-
eous contaminants; some may be introduced from the outside, but
many are generated inside by habitation, by process, or by off-gassing
of synthetic construction or furnishing materials. Many office ma-
chines give off vapors or particulates which may offend the occupants.
In recent years, smoking has become a less common problem than it
once was.
An extreme case of poor indoor air quality may lead to a facility
being diagnosed as having ‘‘sick building syndrome.’’ In such a case,
occupants may object to odors or moisture levels, or may complain of
irritated air passageways, irritated eyes, dry, itching skin, workplace
induced illness, etc. Poor lighting sometimes exacerbates the percep-
tion of a poor air quality condition.
Traditionally, internally generated air contaminants in buildings
have been diluted to within acceptable levels by the introduction of at
least a percentage of outside air into a generally recirculating, venti-
lating air stream. In the past when buildings were not so air tight,
infiltration also helped to maintain an acceptable indoor environment.
In current practice, designers should regularly address the issues of
indoor air quality in the building HVAC system design. All HVAC
systems should include capability for the introduction of some outdoor
air, either in minimum quality based on occupancy (15–20 cfm / person)
or based on direct measurement of a pollutant of concern, such as
carbon dioxide (800–1000 ppm maximum). If ambient outdoor air
poses its own problems, special filtration may be required. Designers
should become familiar with local conditions, expectations, and rea-
sonable solutions. The ASHRAE publication ‘‘Ventilation for Accept-
able Indoor Air Quality’’ treats the subject in some detail, and offers
different approaches for determining required ventilation rates for air
quality. The topic is not without controversy. See Chap. 21.
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