Chapter 6 complete


 The Quantity Equation in Income Form



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6.3.1.1 The Quantity Equation in Income Form 
In Fisher’s quantity equation or equation of exchange there is a problem and problem is that 
we cannot measure the number of transaction (Q). To solve this problem, the number of 
transaction (Q) is replaced by the total output of the economy (Y) and transaction velocity of 
money (V) is replaced by income velocity of money (V). Now, the quantity equation 
becomes 


Money X Income Velocity of Money = Price X Output 
MV = PY 
6.7 
In equation, MV = PY we have moved from transaction (Q) approach to output (Y) approach. 
Transactions and output are related, because the more the economy produces, the more goods 
are bought and sold. They are not the same, however. When one person sells a used car to 
another person, for example, they make a transaction using money, even though the used car 
is not part of the current output. Nonetheless, Rupees, Rs. value of transaction is roughly 
proportional to the Rs. value of output. Since Y is also total income, V in this version of the 
quantity equation, 6.7 is called income velocity of money. The income velocity of money 
measures the number of times currency (Rs.) enters someone’s income in a given period of 
time. If both V and Y in equation are constant, then changes in M must cause changes in P to 
preserve the equality between MV and PY. This is the quantity theory of money: a change in 
the money supply, M, results in an equal percentage change in the price level P. 

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