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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION: INTELLIGENT VEHICULAR COMMUNICATIONS
involved in transportation infrastructure organizations and management, one might conclude that it is
impossible to perfect the transportation network. Nevertheless, the current advancement in transporta-
tion network results in abundant primary and secondary valuations by various functionalities such as
property holders, companies, manufacturers, townships, cities, states, provinces, and countries and so
forth. It’s necessary to understand how markets and policies convert into amenities on the ground and
how it is crucial for scientific permissive filtering prediction, scheduling, policymaking, and valuation.
In general, a transportation network is a multilayered system that reflects self-organization and illus-
trates the subtleties related to conveyance systems, focusing on traffic projection or assessment. How-
ever, the dynamics of vehicular network development require various enhancements.
Automated highway systems and ITS were introduced to quicken the growth and use of incor-
porated safety systems that use information and communication technologies (ICT) as an intelligent
solution to address issues of road safety and to decrease the number of accidents. With the advances in
mobile wireless devices, which are becoming an indispensable part of our lives, and increasing interest
in ubiquitous connectivity methodologies, Internet access from a vehicular point of view is in huge de-
mand. The propagation of cooperating system methodology for ITS, the focus on ICT, and the growing
number of communication infrastructure–enabled vehicles has opened up new business models and key
market segments for investors in the ITS market.
Vehicular communication networks (VCNs) are the foundation for the much-anticipated ITS. By
enabling vehicles to communicate with each other via intervehicle communication (IVC) networks as
well as with roadside base stations via roadside-to-vehicle communication (RVC), vehicular networks
could promote safer and more well-organized infrastructures for transportation. The prospects in the
areas of applications in a vehicular network are growing rapidly, with several vehicle companies and
private organizations vigorously pursuing research and development in vehicular networks. The combi-
nation of onboard sensor structures and the dissemination of onboard localization methods (global po-
sitioning system or GPS) make vehicular network appropriate for active safety applications, including
collision and warning systems, driver assistance, intelligent traffic management systems, and so forth.
Furthermore, IVC opens up possibilities for online vehicle entertainment such as streaming video and
gaming file sharing, and thus facilitates the incorporation of Internet services and applications.
Fig. 1.1
illustrates the functionalities of vehicular communication scenarios: IVC, RVC, and VCNs.
Vehicular network organization assessments made at one point of time can influence future devel-
opments. Although vehicular networks are characteristically depicted as being static in representations,
an enhanced understanding of the growth pattern of infrastructures will provide valuable guidance to
shape the next-generation network.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) should, upon implementation, collect and distribute safety
information to massively reduce the number of accidents by warning drivers about the danger before
they actually face it. Such networks comprise of sensors and onboard units (OBU) installed in the car
as well as roadside units (RSU). The data collected from the sensors on the vehicles can be displayed
to the driver, sent to the RSU or even broadcasted to other vehicles depending on its nature and im-
portance. The RSU distributes this data, along with data from road sensors, weather centers, traffic
control centers, and so forth, to the vehicles and also provides commercial services such as parking
space booking, Internet access, and gas payment. The network makes extensive use of wireless com-
munications to achieve its goals but although wireless communications reached a level of maturity, a lot
more is required to implement such a complex system. Most available wireless systems rely on a base
station for synchronization and other services; however, using this approach means covering all roads
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