Category of negation in the interpretation of scientists

CATEGORY OF NEGATION IN THE INTERPRETATION OF SCIENTISTS

Botirxonova Sh.B.

The 1st year MA student of TSPU named after Nizami

Scientific advisor: Associate Professor of the Uzbek State University of World Languages DSс. Samigova Kh .B

The article deals with the issue of observing the use and classification of negation categories in the world languages. As it's known that, the category of negation is one of the oldest concepts since humanity has been created, the language tools it serves, and the linguistic categories that it expresses itself, are closely linked to the history of that nation. In this article analyzed the researches and views of scientists-researchers on the category of negation and its use in the sentences.

Negation is an essential part of everyday communication. It is, in the words of Horn (2011, p.1), ‘what makes us human, imbuing us with the capacity to deny, to contradict’. Further, as Dahl (1979) observes in his linguistic typology of negation, there is substantial cross-linguistic evidence to suggest that grammatical negation is a universal category. This universal category finds expression in a range of linguistic forms. The category of negation is one of the subjects that are always in the focus of linguist scientists. A number of linguists who studied Indian European and Turkic sources of languages as (N.A. Bulax, Laurence Horn, Seifert Stephan, Werner Welte , Yasuhiko Kato, A.M. Peshkovskiy, V.N. Bondarenko, K.D.Dondua, E.V.Paducheva, E.M.Kolpakchi, O.V.Pletner, E.D.Polivanov and their services are great in the study of negation categories. Early research on negation in language acquisition was limited to research on the explicit negator not, with a large body of research showing that development of negation goes through systematic stages as evidenced through word order placement of the explicit negator, with discussion of how these stages compare in first language acquisition (e.g., Bellugi 1967) and second language acquisition (e.g., Cancino, Rosansky & Schumann 1978).

A comparative study of the category of denial based on materials from different system languages is very relevant and important. Study in aspect functional and semantic area creates great opportunities for identifying constituents, vertical and horizontal structure of the area of negation, their comparative analysis and definition of similar and different signs. In grammar, negation is the process that turns an affirmative statement (I am Australian) into its opposite denial (I am not Australian). The linguist D. Biber refers to two types of negation, synthetic ('no', 'neither' or 'nor' negation) and analytic ('not' negation). For example, "He is neither here nor there" (synthetic) or "He is not here" (analytic). Nouns as well as verbs can be grammatically negated, by the use of a negative adjective (There is no chicken), a negative pronoun (Nobody is American here), or a negative adverb (I never was American).

In many studies in English language, the area of negation is shown as a system of the following components:

1.