Card №1 Task Give the main idea of the text. When women run the economy

Task 2. Describe the following graph.

Task 3. Speak on the topic: What is management?
Card №7
Task 1. Give the main idea of the text.
In the 1700s, the sciences were split into natural sciences and social sciences. The amount of knowledge kept increasing, and in the late1800s and early 1900s social science itself split into subdivisions: economics, political science, history, geography, sociology, anthropology, and psychology. Many of the insights about how the economic system worked were codified in Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, written in 1776. Notice that this is before economics as a subdiscipline developed, and Adam Smith could also be classified as an anthropologist, a sociologist, a political scientist, and a social philosopher.
These writers were subsequently called Classical economists. Alfred Marshall continued in that classical tradition, and his book, Principles of Economics, published in the late 1800s, was written with the other social sciences in evidence. But Marshall also changed the question economists ask; he focused on the questions that could be asked in a graphical supply-demand framework. In doing so he began what is called neo-classical economics. For a while economics got lost in itself, and economists learned little else. Marshall’s analysis was downplayed, and the work of more formal economists of the1800s (such as Leon Walrus, Francis Edge worth, and Antoine Cournot) was seen as the basis of the science of economics.
http://elib.rshu.ru/files_books/pdf/rid_867b39941f2e4604ac3ad793d04e39d4.pdf
Task 2. Describe the following graph.



Task 3. Speak on the topic: Functions of Central Bank.

Card №8
Task 1. Give the main idea of the text.
Mortgage rates turned lower for the second straight week, but it wasn’t enough to boost demand for either new purchase loans or refinances, according to a weekly report from the Mortgage Bankers Association.
Rates are still much higher than they were for the past two years. Last week the average contract interest rate for 30-year fixed-rate mortgages with conforming loan balances ($647,200 or less) decreased to 5.46% from 5.49%, with points dropping to 0.60 from 0.74 (including the origination fee) for loans with a 20% down payment.
Applications to refinance a home loan dropped 2% for the week and were 75% lower than the same week one year ago.
“Most refinance borrowers continue to remain on the sidelines as a result, and refinance applications have fallen in nine of the past 10 weeks. Compared to January 2022, refinance activity is down 66%,” said Joel Kan, MBA’s associate vice president of economic and industry forecasting.
Homebuyers are also pulling back. Applications for a mortgage to purchase a home were flat week to week and down 16% from a year ago.
More supply is coming on the market, but homes are suddenly sitting longer for sale.
Mortgage demand from homebuyers is now close to the lows last seen in spring 2020, at the start of the Covid pandemic. Homebuying quickly picked up after that, and frenzied demand pushed prices higher at an astounding rate over the past two years.
Now those high prices are sidelining potential buyers, especially people seeking to purchase their first home.
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/25/mortgage-demand-slides-further-even-as-interest-rates-pull-back-slightly.html