|
Participants
instead
of
volunteers
Took part in = play
25.
strangers
Explanation: Section D: Studies conducted by Carolyn DeClerck of the University of
Antwerp, Belgium, revealed that people who had received a dose of oxytocin
actually became less cooperative when dealing with complete strangers.
Lack of willingness = less cooperative
26.
names
Explanation: Paragraph D: Meanwhile, Carsten De Dreu at the University of
Amsterdam ……. Dutch men are quicker to associate positive words with Dutch
names
than
with
foreign
ones.
Positive
associations
=
associate
positive
words
Those
from
other
cultures
=
foreign
ones
(Dutch names are familiar to Dutch men)
27. D
Most managers are unaware of the significant impact of trends on the lives of
consumers.
Explanation: Section 1: manager often fails to recognize the less obvious but
profound ways these influences consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors.
Fail
to
recognize
=
are
unaware
of
Significant impact that trends have on = profound ways these trends are influencing
Consumers ‘lives = consumers’ aspirations, attitudes, and behaviors
28. C
(Coach was anxious to safeguard his reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods –
Coach worried about protecting his reputation as a manufacturer of luxury goods)
Explanation: Section 3: The Coach brand had been a symbol of opulence and luxury
for nearly 70 years, and the most obvious reaction to the downturn would have been
to
the
lower
price.
However,
that
would
have
risked
cheapening
the
brand’s
image.
Reputation
=
brand’s
image
Risked cheapening the brand’s image: risk reducing the value brand image
29. A
(It
did
not
require
Tesco
to
modify
its
core
business
activities)
Explanation: Section 4, last sentence: Tesco has not abandoned its traditional retail
offerings
but
augmented
its
business
with
these
innovations
…
Abandoned its traditional retail offerings = modify its core business activities
30. D
(It is a form of strategy that seems to have few obvious benefits.)
Explanation: Paragraph 5: “At first glance, spending … ..ounds like it’s hardly
worthwhile”
A few obvious benefits = hardly worthwhile
31. D
(It was a handheld game có addressed peoples’ Concerns about unhealthy lifestyles
– it’s a handheld game solve everyone’s concerns about the lifestyles that are
harmful
to
health)
Explanation: Paragraph 6: like other handheld games, …. The ME2, introduced in
mid-2008, catered to kids’ huge desire to play video games while countering the
negatives, such
as
associations
with
lack
of
exercise
and
obesity.
–
Unhealthy
lifestyles:
lack
of
exercise
and
obesity
– Countering: Against
32.
D
Explanation: Section 6: By reaffirming the toy category with physical play, the ME2
counteracted some of the widely perceived negative impacts of digital gaming
devices.
“Counteracted some of the widespread negative impacts of digital gaming devices”:
preventing some of the most common negative effects of video game machines.
Besides the advantage of being integrated with physical play, iToys’ products also
have a negative impact – the new iToys come with ME2 to address those negative
effects.
Harmful effects = negative impacts
33.
C
Explanation: Section 5: In 2006, teamed up with technology company chúng Apple
to
launch
the
Nike
+.
Collaborate = team up with
34.
B
Explanation: Paragraph 4: … introduces its Greener Living Program, which
demonstrates
the
firm’s
commitment
to
protecting
the
environment.
Incentive
scheme:
Greener
Living
Program
Social
responsibility
–
protecting
the
environment
Commitment = responsibility
35.
A
Explanation: Section 3: … customers were eager to lift themselves and the country
out
of
tough
times.
Positive
attitude
=
eager
Difficult circumstances = tough times
36.
C
Explanation: Section 5: … to incorporate elements of a seemingly irrelevant trend
into one of the core offerings … By combining Nike’s original value proposition for
amateur
athletes
with
one
for
digital
consumers
…
Irrelevant
=
unrelated
Nike: supply of sports shoes for athletes = one piece of digital goods = unrelated
product sector
37.
A
Explanation: Paragraph 3: Creating the sub-brand allowed Coach to avert an
across-the-board
price
cut.
Avoid
=
avert
Bounte cho customers less = price cut
38.B
Explanation: paragraph 7, the first sentence: Once you have gained perspective on
how to make changes in your opinions, you can determine which of our three
innovation
strategies
to
pursue.
Identify the most appropriate … = determine which of our three….
39.C
Explanation: Paragraph 7: Finally, if aspects of the category clash with undesired
outcomes of a trend, such as associations with unhealthy lifestyles, there is an
opportunity to counteract those changes by reaffirming the values of your category.
Negative
aspect
=
undesired
outcomes
Reaffirm the value of your category = emphasize your brand’s traditional values
40.D
Explanation: Paragraph 7: If analysis reveals an increase in disparity between your
category and consumers’ new focus, your innovations need to transcend the
category
to
integrate
the
two
worlds.
Disparity = lack of connection
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 13 READING –
TEST 3 – ANSWERS
1.
furniture
Explanation:
paragraph
2
“This is an important source of timber for building houses, and is increasingly being
used as a replacement for endangered hardwoods in the furniture construction
industry.”
the making of = construction
2.
sugar
Explanation:
paragraph
2
“Immature coconut flowers are tightly clustered together among the leaves at the top
of the trunk. The flower stems maybe stapped for their sap to produce the drink, and
the sap can also be reduced by boiling to produce a type of sugar used for cooking.
”
used as = produce; a = a type of
3.
ropes
Explanation:
paragraph
3
“The thick fibrous middle layer produces coconut fiber, ‘coir’, which has many uses
and
is
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