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CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 – TEST 2 – PASSAGE 2
VENUS IN TRANSIT
210
A NEUROSCIENTIST REVEALS HOW TO THINK
DIFFERENTLY
QUESTIONS 27-31: CHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER,
A, B, C OR
D.
27. NEUROECONOMICS IS A FIELD OF STUDY WHICH SEEKS TO
Keywords: Neuroeconomics, seeks to
In the first paragraph, the writer argues that “These discoveries have led to the field known a
s neuroeconomics which studies the brain‟s secrets to success in an economic environment that
demands innovation and being able to do things differently from competitors.” In other words,
neuro economics is a field of study which seeks to understand how the brain is linked to achievement
in competitive fields.
– achievement=success
=>ANSWER: C
28. ACCORDING TO THE WRITER, ICONOCLASTS ARE DISTINCTIVE
BECAUSE
Keywords: iconoclasts, distinctive
In paragraph 2, the writer says that “This definition implies that iconoclasts are different from
other people, but more precisely, it is their brains that are different in three distinct ways:
perception, fear response, and social intelligence.” So, iconoclasts are distinctive because their brains
are different, in other words, their brains function differently.
– distinctive=different
=>ANSWER: B
29. ACCORDING TO THE WRITER, THE BRAIN WORKS EFFICIENTLY
BECAUSE
Keywords: brain, efficiently
In paragraph 3, the writer indicates that “For example, when confronted with informatio
n streaming from the eyes, the brain will interpret this information in the quickest way possible. Thus
it will draw on both past experience and any other source of information” So, the brain works
efficiently because it relies on previous events.
– efficiently = in the quickest way
– relies on = draw on
– previous events=past experience
=>ANSWER: D
211
30. THE WRITER SAYS THAT PERCEPTION IS
Keyword: perception
At the end of paragraph 3, the writer says that “More than the physical reality of photons an
d sound waves, perception is a product of the brain.”
=>ANSWER: C
31. ACCORDING TO THE WRITER, AN ICONOCLASTIC THINKER
Keywords: iconoclastic thinker
In paragraph 4, the writer says that “Iconoclasts, either because they were born that way or through
learning, have found ways to work around the perceptual shortcuts that plague most people.” I
n other words, an iconoclast thinker can avoid cognitive traps.
– cognitive=perceptual
=>ANSWER: B
QUESTIONS 32-37: DO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AGREE
WITH THE CLAIMS OF THE WRITER IN READING PASSAGE 3 ?
32. EXPOSURE TO DIFFERENT EVENTS FORCES THE BRAIN TO THINK
DIFFERENTLY.
Keywords: different events, think differently
In paragraph 5, the writer says that “The best way to see things differently to other people is to
bombard the brain with things it has never encountered before. Novelty releases the perceptual
process from the chains of past experience and forces the brain to make new judgments.”
– different events = things it (the brain) has never encountered before = novelty
– think differently=make new judgments
=>ANSWER: YES
33. ICONOCLASTS ARE UNUSUALLY RECEPTIVE TO NEW
EXPERIENCES.
Keywords: receptive, new experiences
In paragraph 5, the writer says that “Successful iconoclasts have an extraordinary willingness to
be exposed to what is fresh and different. Observation of iconoclasts shows that they embrace
novelty while most people avoid things that are different.”
– are unusually receptive to = have an extraordinary willingness to be exposed to
– new experiences=what is fresh and different
212
=>ANSWER: YES
34. MOST PEOPLE ARE TOO SHY TO TRY DIFFERENT THINGS.
Keywords: too shy, different things
In this passage, the writer does not mention whether most people are too shy to try different things. He
just says that “most people avoid things that are different” So, the statement is NOT GIVEN.
=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN
35. IF YOU THINK IN AN ICONOCLASTIC WAY, YOU CAN EASILY
OVERCOME FEAR.
Keywords: think, iconoclastic, overcome fear.
In paragraph 6, the writer argues that “Fear is a major impediment to thinking like an iconoclast and
stops the average person in his tracks.” This means that fear prevents people from thinking in an
iconoclast way. So, the statement‟s meaning is opposite to that in the text.
=>ANSWER: NO
36. WHEN CONCERN ABOUT EMBARRASSMENT MATTERS LESS,
OTHER FEARS BECOME IRRELEVANT.
Keywords: embarrassment, less, fears, irrelevant
In paragraph 6, “fear of public ridicule” is mentioned. It we interpret this as “embarrassment”, still we
are not told if other fears then become irrelevant. So, the statement is NOT GIVEN
=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN
37. FEAR OF PUBLIC SPEAKING IS A PSYCHOLOGICAL ILLNESS.
Keywords: fear, public speaking, a psychological illness
In paragraph 6, the writer indicates that “But fear of public speaking, which everyone must do
from time to time, afflicts one-third of the population. This makes it too common to be considered a
mental disorder. It is simply a common variant of human nature, one which iconoclasts do not let
inhibit their reactions.” So, fear of public speaking is not a psychological illness, it is just a common
variant of human nature.
– a psychological illness= a mental disorder
=>ANSWER: NO
QUESTIONS 38-40: COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE WITH THE
CORRECT ENDING,
A-E
, BELOW.
38. THINKING LIKE A SUCCESSFUL ICONOCLAST IS DEMANDING
BECAUSE IT
213
Keyword: successful, demanding
In paragraph 7, the writer argues that “to be successful iconoclasts, individuals must sell their ideas
to other people. This is where social intelligence comes in…Perception is important in social
cognition too…Understanding how perception becomes intertwined with social decision making
shows why successful iconoclasts are so rare.” This means that thinking like a successful iconoclast is
demanding because it requires both perceptual and social intelligence skills.
=>ANSWER: A
39. THE CONCEPT OF THE SOCIAL BRAIN IS USEFUL TO
ICONOCLASTS BECAUSE IT
Keywords: social brain, useful,
In paragraph 7, the writer indicates that “In the last decade there has been an explosion of
knowledge about the social brain and how the brain works when groups coordinate decision
making. Neuroscience has revealed which brain circuits are responsible for functions like
understanding what other people think, empathy, fairness, and social identity. These brain regions play
key roles in whether people convince others of their ideas.” So, the concept of the social brai
n is useful to iconoclasts because it focuses on how groups decide on an action.
– groups = circuits
– groups decide on an action=groups coordinate decision making
=>ANSWER: B
40. ICONOCLASTS ARE GENERALLY AN ASSET BECAUSE THEIR WAY
OF THINKING
Keywords: an asset, way of thinking
In the last paragraph, “Iconoclasts create new opportunities in every area from artistic
expression to technology to business. They supply creativity and innovation not easily accomplished
by committees. Iconoclasts face alienation and failure, but can also be an asset to any organisation.”
So, iconoclasts are generally an asset because their way of thinking works in many fields, both artistic
and scientific.
=>ANSWER: C
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