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CAMBRIDGE IELTS 8 – TEST 1 – PASSAGE 3
TELEPATHY
CAMBRIDGE IELTS 8 READING – TEST 2 –
ANSWERS
SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE: THE FLOAT PROCESS
QUESTIONS 1-8: COMPLETE THE
TABLE AND DIAGRAM
BELOW.
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1. SPINNING
The question requires a method of producing flat glass. There are two methods of making flat glass.
In the first paragraph, “the first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning”. In
the second paragraph, “the first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through
two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle”. So the first method is spinning and the second method is the
ribbon process, which is already mentioned in the table.
2. (PERFECTLY) UNBLEMISHED
In paragraph 1, “This method [spinning] was very effective as the glass had not
touched any surfaces
between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished”. The writer mentions the
advantage of spinning as it makes the glass remain perfectly unblemished.
– advantage=be effective
– stayed = remained
3. LABOUR/LABOR – INTENSIVE
The two disadvantages of spinning methods were mentioned in the last sentence of paragraph
1:
“However, the process took a long time and was labor intensive” .
“However” means something which is negative. As the sentences above indicate the advantage
of the spinning process, the transition word “however” implies the disadvantage of this method.
– took a long time = slow
4. THICKNESS
The advantages of the ribbon process were mentioned in paragraph 2, “This allowed glass of
virtually any thickness to be made non-stop” => two advantages were: it could
produce glass sheets of
varying thickness and it was a non-stop process.
– virtually any = almost any = varying
5. MARKED
In paragraph 2, all the information about the drawbacks/ disadvantages of the ribbon method
was that “but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked, and these would then need to be
ground and polished. This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the
machines were very expensive”. The rollers left both sides of glass marked so that it was not
unblemished any more and therefore it needed to be polished => this
was the disadvantage of the
ribbon method.
– rubbed away: the action of the machine, in particular the rollers, removed about 20% of the surface
of the glass
6. (MOLTEN) GLASS & 7. (MOLTEN) TIN/METAL
In paragraph 3, “in 1952, he [Pilkington] had the idea of using a bed of molten metal to form the flat
glass, eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath…but could not boil at a
temperature below the temperature of the molten glass (about 1500 degree)”. Pilkington used molten
metal as material to form flat glass. Because the metal
must be melted at a
temperature less than the hardening point of glass and could not boil at a temperature below t
he temperature of the molten glass => tin was the most suitable metal. Therefore, in the answer
number 7 you can write tin or metal.
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8. ROLLERS
In paragraph 3, “…eliminating altogether the need for rollers within the float bath” . This means that
the float process did not need the rollers within the float bath. In the picture you can
– see two small wheels are outside the float bath => these are rollers.
– eliminate: to remove or get rid of something/somebody
QUESTIONS 9-13: DO THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AGREE
WITH THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN READING PASSAGE 1?
9. THE METAL USED IN THE FLOAT PROCESS HAD TO HAVE SPECIFIC
PROPERTIES
Key words: metal, float process,
specific properties
In paragraph 3, the requirement for the metal is that “The metal had to melt at a temperature less
than the hardening point of glass (about 600 degrees), but could not boil at a temperature below the
temperature of the molten glass (about 1500 degrees). The best metal for the job was tin”. There were
specific requirements/properties for the metal used in the floating process: melting at the
temperature less than the hardening point of glass, not boiling below the temperature of the
molten glass.
=> ANSWER: TRUE
10. PILKINGTON INVESTED SOME OF HIS OWN MONEY IN HIS FLOAT
PLANT
Key words: Pilkington, invested,
own money, float plant
In paragraph 5, the writer only indicates that “Pilkington built a pilot plant in 1953 and by 1955 he
had convinced his company to build a full-scale plant”. The writer does not mention whether
Pilkington used/invested his own money
to build this float plant or not => The information is not given.
=> ANSWER: NOT GIVEN
11. PILKINGTON‟S FIRST FULL-SCALE PLANT WAS AN INSTANT
COMMERCIAL SUCCESS.
Key words: Pilkington‟s first full-scale plant, commercial success
Paragraph 5, “However, it took 14
months of non-stop production, costing the company £100,000
a month, before the plant produced any usable glass. Furthermore, once they succeeded in
making marketable flat glass, the machine was turned off for a service to prepare it for years
of continuous production. When it started up again it took another four months get the process right
again”.
– That means the process of making flat glass was not immediately successful (it took 14 months [a
long time] of production before the plant produced usable glass).
– It also stopped working to prepare for continuous production = it did not work instantly
– instant: happening immediately
– commercial success = succeed in making marketable flat glass
=> ANSWER: FALSE
12. THE PROCESS INVENTED BY PILKINGTON HAS NOW BEEN
IMPROVED
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Key words: process,
invented by Pilkington, been improved.
In paragraph 6, “Float plants today make glass of near optical quality…It adds up to a contin
uous melting process…” Several processes – melting, refining, homogenizing were used in this
process of delivering glass smoothly and continuously to the float bath => these were the recent
improvements in the process invented by Pilkington.
– today = now
=> ANSWER: TRUE
13. COMPUTERS ARE BETTER THAN HUMANS AT DETECTING FAULTS
IN GLASS
Key words: computers,
better than humans, detecting faults
The last sentences in paragraph 7 explain that “Inspection technology allows more than 100 million
measurements a second to be made across the ribbon, locating flaws the unaided eye would be
unable to
see”. inspection technology ~ a computer can make more than 100 million measurements a se
cond as well as locating flaws which a normal person is unable to do => computers are better than
humans
– detecting = locating
– faults = flaws
-humans ~ unaided eye
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