Cambridge ielts 1-15 series reading answers explained

=> ANSWER: F
15. The explanation Milgram gave the teacher-subjects for the experiment 
Keywords: explanation, teacher-subjects, experiment 
In paragraph A, the writer says: ” Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer „teacher-subject‟ that the 
experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing 

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pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils‟ ability to learn.” So, Milgram told 
the volunteer „teacher-subjects‟ what the experiment was designed to test = he explained the purpose 
of the experiment. 
=> ANSWER: A
16. THE IDENTITY OF THE PUPILS 
Keywords: identity, pupils 
In paragraph B, line 6, the writer says : ” The supposed pupil was in reality an actor hired by Milgram 
to simulate receiving the shocks….” 
identity=information about who the pupils were [actors]ð 
=> ANSWER: B
17. THE EXPECTED STATISTICAL OUTCOME 
Keywords: expected, outcome 
In paragraph D, the writer says : ” Prior to carrying out the experiment, Milgram explained his idea to 
a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people who would be 
willing to administer the highest shock level…. The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the 
teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter” 
– expected=predicted 
Thus, the predicted/expected result or outcome was that almost all the teacher-subjects would refuse to 
obey. 
=> ANSWER: D
18. THE GENERAL AIM OF SOCIOBIOLOGICAL STUDY 
Keywords : general aim, sociobiological 
In paragraph I, the writer explains: ” This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology – to 
discover the degree to which…genetic programming dictates…the interaction of animals and humans 
with their environment, that is, their behaviour.” 
– in essence = essentially 
– aim=problem 
Sociobiology, therefore, aims to find the answer to this question. 
=> ANSWER: I
19. THE WAY MILGRAM PERSUADED THE TEACHER-SUBJECTS TO 
CONTINUE 
Keywords : way, persuaded, continue 

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In paragraph C, line 7, the writer says : ” If the subject was reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it 
was important for the sake of experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end.” 
– to proceed= to continue 
=> ANSWER: C
QUESTIONS 20-22 
20. THE TEACHER-SUBJECTS WERE TOLD THAT THEY WERE TESTING 
WHETHER… 
Keywords: teacher-subjects, told testing 
In paragraph A, the last sentence, the writer says: “Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer ” teacher-
subject” that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or 
not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils‟ ability to learn”. 
– help =have a positive effect on