Cambridge ielts 1-15 series reading answers explained

=> ANSWER: iii: Changes affecting the distances goods may be transported
16. PARAGRAPH C 
In paragraph C, the author provides many transport statistics, or transport trends, in some 
countries which are “candidates for entry to the EU”. The trends include an increase in road
haulage and a decrease in rail haulage. These countries are awaiting admission to become members 
of the EU. So, the correct heading for paragraph C is xi 
=> ANSWER: xi: Transport trends in the countries awaiting EU admission.
17. PARAGRAPH D 
In paragraph D, “A new imperative – sustainable development- offers an opportunity for 
adapting the EU‟s common transport policy.” So, this paragraph is about a long-
term objective which is new and important for adapting the EU‟s common transport policy. The 
correct heading for paragraph D is i. 
fresh=new 
goal=imperative 
( Note: Dictionaries generally define an „imperative‟ [NOUN] as an essential duty that should be 
done. In this sense, and in this context, we can say that „promoting sustainable development‟ is a duty 
which the EU hope to fulfil. 
This is very similar to a „goal‟ or „objective‟, although it is not an exact synonym.) 
So, goal=imperative. Meaning: a duty which the EU aims to fulfil as a future objective – 
changing transport policy to make it more sustainable.) 
long-term = sustainable 
=>ANSWER: i: A fresh and important long-term goal
18. PARAGRAPH E 
In paragraph E, the effect of energy consumption in the transport sector on the environment is 
mentioned. Specifically, CO2 emissions are estimated to increase by 50% by 2020 due to the traffic 
growth trend, and road transport is also the main cause of CO2 emissions attributable to transport. 

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245 
Finding some solutions is an “ecological necessity”. So, The correct heading for paragraph E is v. 
environmental = ecological