Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide

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539 Glossary for any unfamiliar terms

Introduction to word classes and phrase classes | 315

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Subordinating

Subordinating conjunctions only relate clauses to one another. They make the

clause they introduce a subordinate clause (one which is dependent on a main

clause). Common subordinating conjunctions are: after, although, as, before, if,

since

, that, until, when, whereas, while. Some subordinating conjunctions consist

of more than one word: as long as, as soon as, except that, in order to, in order

that

, provided that:

They had to cancel their holiday in Brazil 

because Anne’s mother was 

seriously ill.

As you have not explained your action, the school will be making a formal

report on your behaviour. 

In order to reach the village, walkers need to be prepared for a steep climb.

Some subordinating conjunctions may be modified by adverbs:

Just 

when I arrived, I got a phone call.

Ever 

since I heard about it, I’ve been afraid to go out after dark.

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304–318 Clause combination

316 | Introduction to word classes and phrase classes

Cambridge Grammar of English

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The noun phrase

Introduction

167

Structure 167a

Function 167b

Heads

168

Simple heads 168a

Compound heads 168b

Pronoun heads 168c

Dependent elements

169

Determiners, modifiers and complements 169a

Pre- and post-head dependent elements 169b

Complements versus postmodifiers 169c

Order of pre- and post-head elements 169d

Modifiers

170

Types of premodifier and postmodifier 170a

Premodification involving noun phrases 170b

Noun modifier versus prepositional phrase 170c

Postmodifiers

171

Clauses as postmodifiers 171a

Prepositional phrases as postmodifiers 171b

Complements

172

Clauses as complements 172a

Prepositional phrases as complements 172b

Noun phrases occurring together (in apposition)

173

The noun phrase in speech and writing

174

Panel: Formation of nouns (nominalisation)

175

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318 | 

The noun phrase