Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide



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Cambridge grammar of English

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30 Come, go

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30 Come, go

HARDLY


44

Hardly is a negative adverb; it normally means ‘almost not at all’. It is not the

adverb form of the adjective hard:



I could hardly get out of the car.

(I almost could not get out at all)



The poor woman can hardly walk.

(she can almost not walk at all)

The adverb form of hard is hard:



I’ve been working hard and I’ve been travelling all the time.

(I’ve been working hardly and I’ve …)

92 | From word to grammar: an A–Z

Cambridge Grammar of English




Because hardly has a negative meaning, it is used with anyanyoneanybody,

anything and ever in negative clauses, not with nononeno onenobodynothing

or never:



There had been hardly any contact between them for years.

(There had been hardly no contact between them …)



Hardly anybody turned up today, actually.

(Hardly nobody turned up today, actually.)



hardly ever see her. We’re not very close.

(I hardly never see her.)



At all may be used with hardly for greater emphasis:

hardly smoke at all.

Another use of hardly is to reject or to distance oneself from an idea:



He could hardly say no to such a request.

(it was virtually impossible to say no)



Well, you’re hardly good friends with Jenny, are you?

(it would be wrong/absurd to say that you were good friends)

In more formal styles, hardly … when is used in front position with subject-verb

inversion to refer to something happening immediately after something else:




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