Bosh miyaning tuzilishi

General Anatomy of the Locomotor System
The skeleton, the supporting framework of the body, is formed by bony
and cartilaginous elements, connected by connective tissue structures.
Its parts are moved or held in defined positions or postures by the
skeletal musculature. The overarching term locomotor system includes
the skeleton and the musculature. The passive locomotor system consists
of the skeleton and its joints (articulations), while the active motor
system includes the striated muscles, the tendons, and their auxiliary
structures (muscle fasciae, bursae, tendon sheaths, and sesamoid
bones). Beside their supporting function, the skeletal elements and
their joints serve to provide levers for the muscles during locomotion.
The skeletal elements, joints, and skeletal musculature together form
the organs of locomotion. In addition, the skeletal elements function to
protect other organ systems (bones of the skull, vertebral canal, chest
cage).
The Bones
The bony skeleton consists of bones of various structures and shapes. In
the adult human, the skeleton is composed of about 200 individual
bones, which are connected by cartilaginous, fibrous, and synovial joints.
Each bone, with the exception of the cartilaginous joint surfaces and
areas where flat tendons are attached, is enclosed in a connective tissue
sheath, the periosteum, like a stocking.
The shape of each bone is determined genetically, but its structure
depends largely on the type and extent of the mechanical demands
placed on it. According to their external shape, bones are divided into