Spotlight on Uzbekistan
67
political and economic decisions in Uzbekistan, with profound implications for the distribution of
wealth and the enjoyment of human rights, has been captured by closed, elite networks and
frequently used for improper ends.
Islam Karimov’s Presidential successor, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, has attempted to shed some of these
legacies by framing himself as an ambitious moderniser with an appetite for greater levels of
transparency and accountability.
289
This has presaged a raft of pro-business reforms, and some
market liberalisation measures. These reforms have met cautious enthusiasm at home and at times
rapturous applause from abroad. In a context marked by hope and goodwill, pointing to the
enduring challenge of corruption and kleptocracy triggers the risk of being labelled a ‘spoiler’. Yet it
is an issue that is difficult to avoid. Deeply entrenched political-economic structures, and the
institutional and social cultures they are syncopated with, are difficult to shift, especially in a top-
down manner where those in power have excelled because of their ability to navigate this particular
environment.
It is important, therefore, that the enduring spectre of grand corruption is considered and calculated
into any analysis of the reform process in Uzbekistan.
290
Even as this essay is being edited, reports
are emerging in Uzbekistan that may tie the Sardoba dam collapse, and emergency COVID-19
spending, to corruption.
291
Accordingly, understanding and challenging the practices, processes,
relationships and structures that systemically reproduce grand corruption remains an important
task.
The documentation and clinical analysis of such practices trigger challenges. Processes captured
under the rubric of corruption, are frequently understood in quantitative terms using different
measurement tools. It is exceedingly difficult, given the secretive nature of such transactions and the
often unchecked power enjoyed by practitioners, to qualitatively document them, at least at a grand
level. Without qualitative documentation based on representative and robust samples, it is difficult
in turn to produce sophisticated and reliable forms of analysis that can guide policy and practice.
Against this challenging backdrop the following essay takes an inductive approach, working off
investigative data-sets pertaining to a number of cases in order to formulate a series of evidence
based hypotheses on the structures and drivers that stimulate grand corruption in Uzbekistan.
The first part of this essay deals with a classic case study on corruption in Uzbekistan, looking at the
underpinning structures its content points to. Then the analysis turns to two contemporary case
studies relating to the Mirziyoyev era, where serious governance concerns have been raised, in
order to consider whether they exhibit similar traits to this classic case. The conclusions that follow
from this will then be employed to deduce how the underpinning system these cases are outward
evidence of, may mediate reform process outcomes.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: