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Table 2 Overview of tourist motives and types of tourism according to Bernecker 
Motivational groups, ie. Motivation 
Corresponding tourist groups, 
ie. Types of tourism 
The physical motivation 
- Vacation (natural regeneration of strength) 
- Healing (establishment of physical health) 
- Sport (physical activity) 
Tourism for resting 
Spa tourism 
Sports tourism 
(also in a passive sense )
Mental motivation 
- Getting out of the daily isolation 
- Entertainment 
- Desire for experience
Experiential tourism
that appears 
during the process of education and 
recovery in the club's tourism 
Interpersonal Motivation 
- Visiting friends and acquaintances 
- Socializing 
- Escapism (distancing from too civilized 
everyday life and return
ing
to nature) 
Family tourism 
Team tourism, experiential tourism 
Camping tourism 
Cultural motivation 
- Learning about other countries, their customs 
and language 
- Interest in arts 
- Religious travel 
Educational tourism 
Pilgrimage 
Status and prestige motivations 
- Personal development (further education) 
- The desire for knowledge and appreciation 
Business and congress tourism 
Experiential and congress tourism 
About fifteen years later, Kaspar (1978), a famous theoretician of tourism from 
Switzerland, revitalized such a division. 
The World Tourism Organization OIOOT-OMT gave quite an elaborated 
division of motives cited by Lanquar (1985). This division includes three major 
groups of motives or needs (ibid. 11): 

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SOCIAL MOTIVES 
o
Need: 
for imitation, or how to be set up in the group, 
for uniqueness, or how to be different from the group 
to be accepted or how to leave your responsibilities, 
for responsibility, or how to impose yourself, 
for self-actualization, cultural and pseudo cultural aspirations 
for contacts with different civilizations, 
for understanding the world and events in it, 
to personally see and touch what our information shows us or the complex 
of unbelieving Thomas, 
for a certain massive aesthetic, 
to get away from the traditional framework of everyday existence or 
changing of décor 
for changing everyday humane environment, or seeking new people. 
FAMILY OR TRIBAL MOTIVES 
o
Needs: 
to find a particular family lifestyle which is destroyed or disabled by 
everyday life, 
for gathering a family group, with the reestablishment of its structure and 
authority, 
to leave the family if it is too narrow minded or restrains the acting of an 
individual 
to participate in the life of a child during its formation in a following way: 
education or demonstration of erudition of an adult, a demonstration of 
strength and skill. 
A PERSONAL OR EGOISTIC MOTIVES 
o
Needs: 
for reestablishing the contact with nature, or complex of Antejev 

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to escape from stress and pressures: collective, professional, family, 
religious, social, or a need for a "decompression" 
for knowledge and familiarizing with something 
aspirations towards self-realization: through culture and contact with other 
civilizations through art activities 
Tarzan complex or narcissism, or the need to be liked by others or to like 
yourself at the same time; 
the need and the right to dream, or how to get out from one’s everyday 
personality, living beyond one’s possibilities for three weeks, 
infantilism, or baby complex that allows things which normally cannot be 
achieved, as well as rejecting the prohibitions: wearing floral patterned 
shorts, changing the mealtime, eating ice cream in the middle of the street 
and similar... 
need for activity or necessity to play not only in the sense of optional 
activities, but also in the terms of educational activities, 
nomadic needs, or complex of Attila, or to escape from the everyday world, 
need for complete, or complex activities from "do it yourself" to the 
development of applied arts and crafts, 
the need to escape from the noise and pressures of all kinds, or the 
establishment, recreation of a mental psychological balance, 
psychological need which may take the following forms: of voluntary and 
real activity, of complete rest, according to the state and the individual's 
mood, 
need to seduce, or complex of a snake, sex put into its place along with the 
hope for flirtation and adventure 
the need to escape from everyday responsibilities. 
During the analysis of such a dynamic and quite sophisticated aspect in its many 
manifestation, it is normal to expect a different interpretation of the observed 
aspect. Besides, the number of authors is in the discrepancy defining certain 
motives by identification of need and motivation which could derive from it. 
However, most of them agree that there are a certain number of factors, which 
practically have a simultaneously affect, and it results difficult to avoid 
preference in the interpretation. 

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2.1.2