Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant



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Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant by W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne (book-drive.com)

The Tabulating Machine
In 1914, CTR’s tabulating business remained small and unprofitable. In an
attempt to turn the company around, CTR turned to Thomas Watson, a former
executive at National Cash Register Company, for help. Watson recognized that
there was enormous untapped demand for tabulators to help businesses improve
their inventory and accounting practices. Yet he also realized that the
cumbersome new technology was too expensive and complicated for businesses
when their pencils and ledgers worked just fine.
In a strategic move that would launch the computer industry, Watson
combined the strengths of the tabulator with the ease and lower costs of pencils
and ledgers. Under Watson, CTR’s tabulators were simplified and modularized,
and the company began to offer on-site maintenance and user education and
oversight. Customers would get the speed and efficiency of the tabulator without
the need to hire specialists to train employees or technicians to fix the machines
when they broke down.
Next, Watson decreed that tabulators would be leased and not sold, an
innovation that helped establish a new pricing model for the tabulating machine
business. On the one hand, it allowed businesses to avoid large capital
expenditures, while giving them the flexibility to upgrade as tabulators
improved. On the other hand, it gave CTR a recurring revenue stream while
precluding customers from buying used machines from one another.
Within six years, the firm’s revenues more than tripled.
15
 By the mid-1920s,
CTR held 85 percent of the tabulating market in the United States. In 1924, to
reflect the company’s growing international presence, Watson changed CTR’s
name to International Business Machines Corp. (IBM). The blue ocean of
tabulators was unlocked.



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