Black Garden : Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War

Epokhu eya Priosoedinenia k Rossiiskoi-Imperii [A historical record of the condition 
of the Armenian region in the era of its joining the russian empire] (St. Peters-
burg: Typography of the Academy of Sciences, 1852), 639–642. 
4.  Lourie, “Yerevan’s Phenomenon,” 177–178. 
5.  According to different estimates, between 600,000 and 1.5 million Ar­
menians were killed between 1915 and 1923. I use the term “Genocide” without 
wishing to enter the historical debate as to whether it is the appropriate term for 
the mass slaughter of the Armenians. 
6.  Koestler, The Invisible Writing, 109. 
7.  Ibid., 107. 
8.  Libaridian, “Reimagining the Past, Rethinking the Present,” 143. 
9.  Interview with Harutiunian, 2 October 2000. 
10.  Quoted on Russia Today, 17 October 2000. 
11.  The story of the destruction of the mosque comes from Robert Cullen’s 
article “Roots” in The New Yorker, 15 April 1991. Cullen saw its rubble in 1991. 
12.  Interview with Namazov, 14 November 2000. 
NOTES TO CHAPTER 6 
1.  Interview with Alizade, 9 June 2000. 
2.  Interview with Mikhailov, 5 December 2000. 
3. Audrey Alstadt, The Azerbaijani Turks, 202, quoting Komsomolskaya 
Pravda from 27 November 1988. 
4.  This story was heavily distorted by the time it got back to Baku. Many 
believed that there were plans to build an actual factory, not a guest house. An­
drei Sakharov, who visited the site, described a bare hillside, with no sign of a 
“grove.” Sakharov, Moscow and Beyond, 88. 
5.  Corley, “Dogging Dashnaks,” 30–31. 
6.  Interview with Namazov, 14 November 2000. 
7.  Some maintain that Heidar Aliev was actually born in Armenia in 1921, 
not in Nakhichevan in 1923. His younger brother, Jalal Aliev, interviewed on 4 
November 2000, said that the Aliev family came from the village of Jomartly in 
Zangezur but had moved to Nakhichevan by the time Heidar was born. 
8.  Interview with Mutalibov, 30 May 2000. 
9.  Interview with Panakhov, interpreted from Azeri, 8 November 2000. 
10.  Yunusova, “Mera Otvetsvennosti Politika” [The degree of responsibil­
ity of a politician], 11. 
11. Avet Demurian and Andrei Pralnikov, “Blokada Armenii v eti dni” 
[The blockade of Armenia in these days], Moskovskiye Novosti 40: 1 October 
1989, reprinted in Glazami Nezavisimikh Nablyudatelei [Through the eyes of inde­
pendent witnesses], 125–127. 

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307 
12.  Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan, 201. 
13.  Interview with Saakova, 14 December 2000. 
14.  Bill Keller, “Did Moscow incite Azerbaijanis? Some see a plot,” New 
York Times, 19 February 1990. 
15.  Interview with Mutalibov, 30 May 2000. 
16.  Bakatin, Doroga v Proshedshem Vremeni [Road in the past tense], 174. 
17.  Z. Japparov. “Trevozhny Yanvar’ v Lenkorani” [Alarming January in 
Lenkoran],  Bakinsky Rabochy, 17 January 1990, reprinted in Chyorny Yanvar’ 
[Black January], 70–74. 
18.  Neimet Panakhov, Etibar Mamedov, Rahim Gaziev, and Abulfaz El­
chibey. 
19.  Dr. Arif Yunusov estimates a death toll of eighty-six, of whom sixty-six 
died in Baku and twenty afterward. 
20.  Interview with Abdullayeva, 11 April 2000. 
21.  As related by Arzu Abdullayev and Zardusht Alizade. 
22.  Interview with Girenko, 2 June 2000. 
23.  Interview with Mamedov, 22 November 2000. 
24. This is according to Vyacheslav Mikhailov, who was present when 
Primakov spoke to Gorbachev by telephone. 
25.  From the report by the military investigation group Shchit, published 
in Melikov, Ya Obvinyayu [I accuse], 176–179. Many of the details here are taken 
from Melikov’s collection of documents and articles, which is the fullest ac­
count of the 20 January crackdown. 
26.  The story of Aliev and January 1990 is fertile territory for students of 
his career. If he had a plan, it may have been to have his old protégé, Hasan 
Hasanov, become the new Party leader in Azerbaijan. Hasanov, although a top