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Sulah ke Ehkaam
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“Sulah” se muraad hai ke insaan kisi dusre shakhs ke saath is baat par ittefaaq kare ke apne maal se ya apne maal ke moonaafe se kuch miqdaar dusre ko de de ya apna qarz ya haq chod de taakeh dasra bhi oske a’ewaz apne maal ya moonaafe ki kuch miqdaar osse de de ya qarz ya haq se dastbardaar ho jaaye. Balkeh agar koi shakhs a’ewaz liye baghair kisi se ittefaaq kare ya apna maal ya apne maal ka moonaafe ki kuch miqdaar ossko de de ya apna qarza ya haq chod de tab bhi sulah sahi hai.
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Jo shakhs apna maal bataur-e-sulah dusre ko de ooske liye zaruri hai ke woh baaligh ho, a’aqil ho aur sulah ka qasd rakhta ho aur kisi ne oose sulah par majboor nahi kiya ho aur zaruri hai ke safia ya diwaalia hone ki bina par oose apne maal mein tasarruf karne se na roka gaya ho.
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Sulah ka segha a’rbi mein padhna zaruri nahi hai balkeh jin alfaaz aur kaamo se oos baat ka izhaar ho raha ho keh fareqeen ne aapas mein sulah aur ittefaaq kar liya hai sahi hai.
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Agar koi shakhs apne bhede charwaahe ko de ke maslan woh ooski ek saal tak oonki nigaahdaasht kare aur oonke doodh se khud istefada haasil kare aur ghee ki kuch miqdaar maalik ko de de to agar charwaahe ki mehnat aur ooske ghee ke muqable mein woh shakhs bhedo ki doodh par sulah kar le to mamla sahi hai balkeh bhede charwaahe ko ek saal ke liye ijaare par de aur woh ooske doodh se istefada kare aur ooske a’ewaz ooose kuch ghee de aur yeh qaid na lagaaye ke bil khusoos inhi bhedo ka ghee ho ya doodh ho to bhi ijaara sahi hai.
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Agar koi qarza khwaha oos qarze ke badle jo oose maqruz se wasool karna hai ya apne haq ke badle oos shakhs se sulah karna chaahe to yeh sulah is suurat mein sahi hai ke jab dasra oose qabool kar le. Laikin agar koi shakhs apne qarz ya haq se dastbardaar hona chaahe to dusre ka qabool karna zaruri nahi.
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Agar maqruz apne qarze ki miqdaar jaanta ho jabke qarz khawah ko ilm na ho aur qarz khawah ne jo kuch lena ho osse kam par sulah kar le maslan ooosne 50 rupayye lene the aur 10 rupayye par sulah kar le to baaqi maanda raqam maqruz ke liye halaal nahi hai. Siwaaye is suurat mein ke woh jitney qarze ka deindaar hai ooske muta’liq khud qarz khawah ko bata de aur oose raazi kar le ya suurat aisi ho ke agar qarz khawah ko agar qarze ki miqdaar ka i’lm hota tab bhi woh isi miqdaar (ya’ni 10 rs) par sulah kar leta.
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Agar do admiyo ke beech koi maal maujood ho ya ek dusre ke zimme koi maal baaqi ho oonhein yeh ilm ho ke oon dono amwaal mein se ek maal dusre maal se zyada hai chunanche oon dono amwaal ko ek dusre ke a’ewaz farokht karna sood hone ki bina par haraam hai iis liye oon dono mein se ek dusre ke a’ewaz sulah karna bhi haraam hai balkeh agar oon dono amwaal mein se ek dusre se ztaada hone ka ilm nab hi ho laikin zyaada hone ka ehtemaal ho to ehtayaat-e-laazim ki bina par oon dono mein ek dusre ke a’ewaz sulah nahi ki jaa sakti.
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Agar do ashkaas ko ek shakhs ya do ahskhaas ko dusre do ashkhaas se qarza wasool karna ho aur woh apni apni talab par ek dusre se sulah karna chahte ho aur sulah karna sood ka ba’es na ho jaisa ke sabeqa massle mein kaha gaya hai to koi harj nahi hai. Balkeh gar dono ko 10 man gehoon wasool karna ho (Aur ek ka gehoon alaa ho aur dusre ka gehoon darmiyaai darje ka ho) aur dono ki muddat poori ho chuki hai to oon dono ka aapas mein muslahat karna sahi hai.
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Agar ek shakhs ko apna qarza kisi se kuch muddat ke ba’d waapas lena ho aur woh maqruz ke saath muqarrar muddat se pahle mo’yyin miqdaar se kam par sulah kare aur ooska maqsad yeh ho k eke apne qarze ka kuch hissa maaf kar de aur baaqi maanda naqad le le to is mein koi harj nahi hai. Aur yeh hukm is suurat mein hai ke jab qarza sone ya chaandi ki shakl mein ya kisi aisi jins ki shakl mein ho jo naap kar ya taul kar bechi jaati hai aur agar oos kism kin a ho to qarz khawah ke liye jayez hai ke apne qarze se kamtar miqdaar par maqruz ya kisi aur se sulah kae le ya bech de jaisa ke massla no. 2248 mein bayaan hoga.
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Agar do askhaas kisi cheez par aapas mein sulah kar letoek dusre ki raza mandi se oos sulah ko tod sakte hai. Neiz agar saude ke silsile mein dono ko ya kisi ek ko sauda fasq karne ka haq diya gaya ho to jis ke paas haq hai woh sulah ko fasq kar sakta hai.
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Jab tak khareedaar aur bechne wala ek dusre se juda na ho gaye ho saude ko fasq kar sakte hain. Neiz agarche khareedaar ek jaanwar khareede to woh teen din tak sauda fasq karne ka haq rakhta hai. Isi tarah agar ek khareedaar kahreedi hui jins ki qeemat ten din tak ada na kare aur jins ko apni tehweel mein na le to jaisa ke massla no. 2081 mein bayaan ho chuuka hai bechne wala sood de to fasq kar sakat ahi. Laikin jo shakhs kisi maal par sulah kare woh oon teeno suurato mein sulah fasq karne ka haq nahi rakhta. Laikin agar sulah ka dasra fareeq massaalihat ka maal dene mein ghair ma’amuli taakheer kare to is suurat mein sulah fasq ki ja sakti hai. Isii tarah baaqi suurato mein bhi jinka zikr khareed o farokht ke ehkaam mein aaya hai sulah fasq ki ja sakti hai aur agar massalihat ke dono fareeqon mein ek ko dhoka hua ho to iis suurat mein bhi woh sulah khatm kar sakta hai. Laikin agar sulah jhagda kham karne ke liye ho to woh sulah khatm nahi kar sakta. Albatta is suurat ke al’awa dhokha khaane wala bhi ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par sulah khatm nahi kar sakta.
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Jo cheez bazariya-e-sulaah mile agar woh aib daar ho to to sulah fasq ki jaa sakti hai laikin agar mutaleqa shakhs aib aur be aibdaar ke qeemat ka farq lena chahe to oos mein ishkaal hai.
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Agar koi shakhs apne maal ke zariye dusre se sulah kare aur oos ke saath shart thehraye aur kahe ke “jis cheez par main ne tum se sulah ki hai mere marne ke ba’d maslan tum oose waqf kar doge” aur dasra shakhs bhi oosko qubool kar leto zaruri hai ke oos shart par amal kare.
Kiraaye ka Ehkaam
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Koi cheez kiraaye par dene waale aur kiraaye par lene waale ke liye zaruri hai ke baaligh aur aaqil ho aur kiraaya lene ye kiraaya dene ka kaam apne ikhtayaar se kare. Yeh zaruri hai ke apne maal mein tasarruf ka haq rakhte ho. Lehaaza chuke safiya apne maal mein tasarruf karne ka haq nahi rakhta is liye na woh koi cheez kiraaye par nahi de sakta jin mein woh tasarruf ka haq nahi rakhta aur na woh oon mein se koi cheez kiraaye se de sakta hai koi cheez kiraye par le sakta hai. Isi tarah jo shakhs diwaliyai ho chuka ho woh oon cheezon ko kiraaye par nahi de sakta jin mein woh tasarruf ka haq na rakhta ho na woh on mein se koi cheez kiraaye pe le sakta hai laikin apni khidmaat ko kiraaye par pesh kar sakta hai.
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Insaan dusre ki taraf se wakil ban kar ooska maal kiraye par de sakta hai ya koi maal ooske liye kiraaye par le sakta hai.
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Agar bacche ka sarparast ya ooske maal ka moontazim bachhe ka maal kiraaye par de ya bacche ko kisi ka ajeer muqarrar kar de to koi harj nahi hai. Aur agar bacche ke baaligh hone ke ba’d kuch muddat ko bhi ijaare ki muddat ka hissa qaraar diya jaaye to bachha baaligh hone ke ba’d baaqi maandah ijaara fasq kar sakta hai agarche suurat yeh ho ki bacche ke baaligh hone ki kuch muddatko ijaara ki muddat ka hissa na banya jaata to yeh bacche ke liye muslehat ke khilaaf hota. Haan agar woh muslehat shar’e laazmi muslahet ke barkhilaaf thi ya’ni jiske baare mein yeh ilm hoke shar’a muqqadas is muslehat ko tarq karne par raazi nahi hai aur is suurat mein agar Haakim-e-shar’a ki ijaazat se ijaara waq’e ho to baccha baaligh hone ke ba’d ijaara fasq nahi kar sakta.
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Jis na baaligh bacche ka sarparast na ho oose mujtahid ki ijaazat ke baghair mazdori par nahi lagaaya jaa sakta aur jis shakhs ki rasa’e mujtahid tak na ho woh ek momin shakhs ki ijaazat lekar jo aadil ho to bacha baaligh hone ke ba’d ijaara faqs nahi kar sakta.
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Ijaara dene waale aur ijaara lene waale ke liye zaruri nahi ke segha arbi zabaan mein padhe balke agar kisi cheez ka maalik dusre se kahe ke main ne apna maal tumhe ijaare pae diya aur dasra kahe ke main ne qabool kiya to ijaara sahi hai balke agar woh muh se kuch bhi na kahe aur maalik apna maal ijaare ki qasad se musrajir ko de aur woh bhi ijaare k qasad se le to ijaare ke qasad se le to ijara sahi hai.
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Agar koi shakhs chaahe ke ijaare ka segha padhe baghair koi kaam karne ke liye ajeer ban jaaye to jo hi woh kaam karne mein masshghool hoga ijaara sahi ho jaayega
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Jo shakhs bol na sakta ho agar woh ishaare se samjhaaye deke oosne koi cheez ijaare par di hai ya ijaare par li haito woh ijaara sahi hai.
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Agar koi shakhs makaan ya dukaan ya dusre tamaam cheezein ijaaare par le aur ooska maalik yeh shart lagaaye ke sirf woh oska istefada kar sakta haito mustajeer oose kisi dusre ko ijaare par nahi de saktabajuz iske keh ijaareis tarah ho ke oska faayeda bhi kiraaye par lene waale se maqsoos ho. Maslan aek aurat ek makaan ya karma kiraaye par le aur ba’d mein shadi ka le aur karma ya makaan apni ri’haish ke liye kiraaye par de (ya’ni shohar ko kiraayepar de kyoonki biwi ki rihayish ke intezaam ki zimmedaari shohar ki hai). Aur agar maalik aisi koi shatr na lagaye to kiraaye par lene wala oose dusre ko kiraye par de saktahai. Albatta maal ko kiraaye daar ke supurd karne ke liye ehiyat ki bina par zaruri hai ke maalikse ijaaazat le le. Laikin agar woh yeh chahe ke jitney kiraaye par liya hai oose zyaada kiraaye par de agarche kiraya dusri jins se ho to aisi suurat mein ke woh akaan ya dukaan ka kashti ho to zaruri hai ke oosme oos mein koi kaaam maslan marramat aur safedi waghairah karaayi ho ya ooski hifaazat ke liye kuch nuksaan bardaasht kiya ho (to woh oose zyaada kiraaye par de sakta hai).
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Agar mazdoor, kisi shakhs se yeh shart tay kare ke woh faqt oosi ka kaam karega bajuz is suurat ke jiska zikr sabeqa massle mein bayaan ho chuuka hai oos mazdoor ko kisi dusre shakhs ko batuar ijaara nahi de sakta. Agar woh ajeer aisi koi shart na lagaaye to oose dusre ki ijaara par de sakta hai. Laikin jo cheez dusre shakhs ke ijaare ke baabat le raha hai zaruri hai ke ooski qeemat ooske ijaare se zyaada na ho jo ajeer ke liye qaraar diay hai. isi tarah agar koi shakhs khud kisi ka ajeer ban jaaye aur kisi dusre shakhs ko woh kaam karne ke liye kam ujratt par rakhe to ooska bhi yahi hukm hai (ya’ni woh oose kam ujratt par nahi rakh sakta) Laikin agar oosne kaam ki kuch miqdaar khud anjaam di hai to phir dusre ko kam ujratt par rakha sakta hai.
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Agar koi shakhs makaan, dukaan, kashti ke alaawa koi aur cheez maslan zameen kiraaye par leaur zameen ka maalik oosse yeh shart na kare ke sirf whi ooska istefada kar sakta hai to agar jitney kiraaye par oosne woh cheez li hai oosse zyaada kiraaye par de to ijaare ke sahi hone mein ishkaal hai.
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Agar koi shakhs makan ya dukaan maslan ek saal ke liye 100 rupayye kiraye par le aur ooska aadha hissa khud istemaal kare to woh dasra hissa 100 rupayye kiraye par chada sakta hailaikin agar woh chahae ke makaan ya dukaan ka aadha hissa oose zyaad a kiraaye par chada de jis par oosne khud woh dukaan ya makaan kiraaye par li hai maslan 120 rupayye par kiraaye par de de to zaruri hai ke oosne oos mein marammat wagairah ka kaam karaya ho.
Kiraaye par diye jaane waale maal ki shara’et
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Jo maal ijaare par diya jaaye oonki chand shar’et hai:
(1)Woh maal mo’yyin ho. Lehaaza agar koi shakhs kahe ke main ne apne makaanaat mein se ek makaan timhe kiraaye par diya to yeh durust nahi hai
(2) Kiraaye par lene wala oos maal ko dekh le. Aur agar maal maujood na ho ya kulli ho to ijaare par dene wala pane maal ki khususiyaat kuch is tarah bayaan kare ke oose muttassir kar ke oose kiraaye par lene ke liye aamaada kar de.
(3) Ijaare par diye jaane waale maal ko dusre fareeq ke supurd karna mumkin ho lehaaza oos ghode ko ijaare pae dena jo bhaag gaya ho agar mustajir oosko na pakas sake to ijaara baatil hai aur agar oos ke liye mumkin ho ke pakad sake to ijaara sahi hai.
(4) Oos maal se istefada karna ooske khatm ya kal’adam ho jaane par mauqoof na ho lehaaza roti, phalo aur dusri khuurdani ashyaa ko khaane ke liye kiraaye par dena sahi nahi hai.
(5) Maal se fayeda uuthana mumkin ho jis ke liye kiraaye par diya jaaye. Lehaaza aisi zameen ka maal se woh faayeda oothaana mumkin ho jis ke liye oose kiraaye par diya jaye. Lehaaza aisi zameen ka zaraa’at ke liye kiraaye par dena jis ke liye baarish ka paani kaafi na ho aur woh neher ke paani se bhi seraab na hoti ho sahi nahi hai.
(6) Jo cheez kiraye par de ooska moonaafe ka maalik ho jis ke liye kiraaye par diya jaaa raha hai. Aur agar na ooska maailk ho aur na ooska vakilo hao aur na moontazim to mamla is suurat mein sahi hai ke jab oos maal ka maalik razamand ho.
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Jis darakht mein abhi phal na laga ho ooska is maqsad se kiraaye par dena ke iske phal se istefaada kiya jaayega durust hai. Aur isi tarah ek jaanwar ko ooske doodh ke liye kiraaye par dena ka bhi yahi hukm hai.
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Aurat is maqsad ke liye ajeer ban sakti hai ke ooske doodh se istefada kiya jaaye (ya’ni kisi dusre ke bacche ko ujratt pe doodh pila sakti hai) aur zaruri nahi hai ke woh oos maqsad se shohar se ijaazat le laikin agar kisi ke doodh pilaane se shohar ka haq talfi hoti ho phir ooski ijaazat ke baghair aurat ajeer nahi ban sakti.
Kiraaye par diye jaane waale maal se istefada ki shara’et
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Jis istefade ke liye maal kiraaye par diya jaata hai ooski 4 shartein hain
(1) (Istefada karna) halaal ho. Pas kisi maal ki moonfa’at sirf-e-haraam ho ya yeh shart rakhi jaaye ke haraam zariye se istefada kiya jaaye ya sauda karne se pahle haraam mamle ko mo’yyin kiya jaaye aur saude ki boonyaad isi par rakhi jaaye to yeh sauda baatil hai. Lehaaza dukaan ko sharaab bechne ya sharaab zakhira karne ke liye kiraaye par dena haiwaan ko sharaab ki naql aur hamal ke liye kiraaye par dena baatil hai.
(2) Woh amal sahra’et mein bila mu’afezaanjaam dena waajib na ho. Aur ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par isi qism ke kaamo mein se hai agar mehle ibteda hi halaal aur haraam ke massa’el ko seekhna aise hi haiba qade waajib murdo ki tajheez aur taqfeen karna aur ehtayaat-e-waajib ki bina par motabar yeh hai ke oos istefaade ke liye raqam dena logo ki nazaro mein fuzool na ho.
(3) Jo cheez agar kiraaaye par di jaaye agar woh kaseer fawa’ed (aur kaseer maqasid) ho to jo faayede oothaane ki mustajir ko ijaazat ho oose mo’yyin kiya jaaye. Maslan ek aisa jaanwar kiya jaaye jis par sawaari bhi ki jaa sakti ho aur maal bhi laada jaa sakta ho to oose kiraaye pe dete waqt yeh mo’yyin karna zaruri hai ke mustajir oose faqt sawaari ke liye ya faqt baar bardaari ke maqsad ke liye istemaal kar sakta hai ya oos se har tarah istefaada kar sakta hai.
(4) Istefada karne ki muddat ta taa’eeen kar liya jaaye aur yeh istefada muddat mo’yyin karke haasil kiya jaa sakta hai, maslan makaan ya dukaan kiraaye par dekar ya kaam aka taa’een kar ke haasil kiya jaa sakta hai,maslan darzi ke saath tay kiya jaaye ke woh ek mo’yyin libaas ek maqsoos design mein siyega.
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Agar ijaare ki inteda ka taa’een na kiya jaaye to osske shuru hone ka waqt ijaare ka muhaida karne ke ba’d se hoga.
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Misaal ke taur par agar makaan ek saal ke liye kiraaye pe diyaa jaaye aur muhaide ki ibteda ka waqt segha phadne se ek mahine ba’dse muqarrar kiya jaaye to ijaar sahi hai agarche jab segha padha jaa raha ho woh makaan kisi dusre ke paas kiraaye par ho.
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Agar ijaare ki muddat ka taa’een na kiya jaaye balkeh kiraayedaar se kaha jaaye jab tak tum is makaan mein rahoge 10 rupayye maahwaar kiraaya doge to ijaata sahi nahi hai.
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Agar maalik makaan, kairaaye daar se kahe ke mine tujhe yeh makaan 10 rupayye maahwaar par kiraaye pe de diya hai ya yah kahe ke maine tujhe yeh makaan ek mahine ke liye 10 rupayye kiraaye apr diya aur oosske ba’d tum jitni muddat is mein rahoge ooska kiraaya 10 rupayye mahaana hoga to is suurat mein jab ijaate ki mubteda ka ilm ho jaaye to pahle mahina ka ijaara sahi hai.
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Jis makaan mein musaafir aur za’er qayaam karte ho aur yeh ilm na ho ke woh kitni muddat tak wahan rahenge, agar woh maalik makaan se tay kar le ke maslan ek raat ka ek rupaya denge aur maalik makaan oos par raazi ho jaaye to makaan se istefada karne mein koi harj nahi hai laikin choonki ijaare ki muddat tay nahi ki gayi hai lehaaza pehli raat ke alaawa ijaara sahi nahi hai aur maalik makaan pehli raat ke ba’d jab bhi chaahe oonhein nikaaal sakta hai.
Kiraaye ke muttafarriq massa’el
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Jo maal mustajir ijaare ke taur par de raha ho zaruri hai ke woh maal m’aloom ho. Lehaaza agar aisi cheezein ho jinka len den taul kar kiya jaata hai massaln gehoon, to oonka wazan ma’loom hona zaruri hai. Aur agar aisi cheezein ho jinka len den gin kar kiya jaata ho maslan ra’ejul waqt siqqe zaruri hai ke oonki taa’dad mo’yyin ho. Aur agar woh cheezein ghode aur bhed ki tarah ho to zaruri hai ke kiraaya lene wala oohein dekh le ya mustajir oonki khususiyaat bata de.
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Agar zameen zarrat ke liye kiraaye par di jaaye aur ooski ujratt oosi ya dusri zameen ki paidawaar qaraar di jaaye jo ooos waqt maujood na ho ya kulli taur par koi cheez ooske zimme qaraar de is shart par ke woh oosi zameen ki paidawaar oose ada ki jaayegi to ijaara sahi nahi hai aur agar oos zameen ki paidawaar ijaara karte waqt maujood ho to phir koi harj nahi hai.
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Jis shakhs ne koi cheez kiraaye par di ho woh oos cheez ko kiraaye daar ki tehweel mein dene se pahle kiraaya maangne ka haq nahi rakhta neiz agar agar koi shakhs kisi kaam ke liye ajeer bana ho to jab tak woh kaam anjaam na de de oujratt ka muta’leba karne ka haq nahi rakhta. Magar b’az suurato mein maslan Hajjki ada’egi ke liye ajeer hjise amooman amal ki adayegi se pahle ujratt de di jaati hai (ujratt ka muta’leba karne ka haq rakhta hai).
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Agar koi shakhs kiraaye par di gayi cheez kiraayedaar ki tehweel mein de deto agarche kiraaye daar oos cheez par qabza na kare ya qabza haasil kar le laikin ijaara kahtm hone tak oosse faayeda na oothaaye phir bhi zaruri hai ke maalik jo ujratt ada kare.
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Agar ek shakhs koi kaam anjaan dene ke ek mo’yyin din liye ajeer ban jaaye aur oos din woh kaam karne ke liye tayyar ho jaaye to jis shakhs ne oose ajeer banaaya hai khawah woh oos din oss shakhs se kaam na le to zaruri hai ke ooski ujratt oose de de. Maslan ek darzi ko ek mo’yyin din libaaas seen eke liye ajeer banaaye aur darzi oos din kaam karne ke liye tayyar ho to agarche maalik oose seene ke liye kapda na de tab bhi zarurihai ke oose ooski mazdoori de de. Qata-e-nazar isse ke darzi bekaar raha ho ya apna ya kisi dusre ka kaam kiya ho.
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Agar ijaare ki muddat khatm ho jaane ke ba’d ma’loom ho ke ijaara baatil tha to mustajir ke liye aruri hai kea am taur par oos cheez ka jo kiraaya hota hai maal ke maalik ko de de. Maslan woh ek makaan 100 rupayye kiraaye par ek saal ke liye le aur oose pata chale ke ijaar baatil tha to agar ooska kiraaye aam taur par 200 rupayye ho to makaan kiraaye par dene wala maalik makaan ho ya ooska vakil mutaa’liq ho ke kiraaye muqarrar karne ka haq rakhta ho aura am taur par jo ghar ke kiraaye ki jo sharah ho oose jaanta ho to zaruri nahi hai ke (mustajir) 200 rupayye de. neiz agar ijaare ki kuch muddat guzarne ke ba’d ma’loon ho ke ijaara baatil tha to jo muddat guzar chuki hai oospar bhi yahi hukm jaari hoga
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Jis cheez ko ijaare par liya gaya ho agar woh talf ho jaaye aur mustajir ne ooski nigaahdaasht mein kotaahi na barti ho aur oose ghalat taur par istemaal na kiya ho to (woh oos cheez ke talf hone ka) zimmedaar nahi hai. isi tarah misaal ke taur par agar darzi ko diya gaya kapda talf ho jaaye to agar darzi ne be ehteyaati na ki ho aur akpde ki nigaahdaasht mein bhi kotaahi na barti ho to woh zaamin nahi hai
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Jo cheez agar kisi darzi ya kaarigar kaam karne ke liye li ho aur agar woh oose zaaya karde to woh ooska zimmedaar hai.
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Agar kassaab kisi jaanwar ka sar kaat daale aur oose haraam kar de to khawah oosne mazdoori li ho ya bila mua’wze zabah kiya ho to zaruri hai ke jaanwar ki qeemat ooske maalik ko ada karde.
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Agar koi shakhs jaanwar ya cheez (maslan gaadi waghairah) kiraaye par le mo’yyin kar le ke kitna boj oospar laadega to agar woh oospar mo’yyin miqdaar se zyaada boj oospar laade aur oos wajah se jaanwar mar jaaye ya woh cheez (gaadi waghairah) aibdaar ho jaaye to mustajir zimmedaar hai. Neiz agar oohone bojh ki miqdaar mo’yyin na ki ho aur ma’mool se zyaada bohj jaanwar par lade (aur jaanwar mar jaaye ya woh cheez aibdaar ho jaaye) tab bhi mustajir zimedaar hai. Aur dono suurato mein ke liye zaruri hai ke ma’mool se zyaada ujratt ada kare.
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Agar koi shakhs haiwaan ko aisa (naazuk) saamaan kiraaye par laadne ke liye de jo tootne wala ho aur jaanwar phisal jaaye ya bhaagh khada ho aur saamaan ko tod phod de to jaanwar ka maalik zimmedaar nahi hai. Haan! agar maalik jaanwar ko ma’mool se zyaada mare ya aisi harqat kare jis ki wajah se jaanwar gir jaaye aur lada hua samaan tod de to maalik zimmedaar hai.
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Agar koi shakhs bacche ka khatna kare ya apne kaam mein kotaahi kare maslanagar oosne ma’mool se zyaada (chamda) kaata ho aur woh baccha mar jaaye ya oos mein koi nuqs paida ho jaaye to woh zimmedaar hai aur agar oosne kotaahi ya ghali na ki ho aur baccha khatna karne se hi mar jaaye ya oos mein koi aib paida ho jaaye chunanche is baat ki tashkhees ke liye khatna karna bacche ke liye nuksaan deh haiya nahi ooski taraf ruju na kiya gaya ho neiz woh bhi yeh na jaanta ho ke bacche ko nuksan hoga to iis suuurat emin woh zimmedaar nahi hai.
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Agar mua’lij apne kisi mareez ko apne haath se dawa de ya ooske liye dawa tayyar karne ko kahe aur dawa khaane ki wajah se mareez ko nuksaan phouche ya woh mar jaaye to mua’lij zimeedaar hai agarche oosne ilaaj karne mein kotaahi naki ho.
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Jab mua’liz mareez se keh de ke agar tumhe koi zar pohouche to main zimmedaar nahi hoon aur pooro tawajjo aur ehtayaat se kaam le ooske bawajood agar mareez ko zar phouche ya woh mar jaaye to mua’lij zimmedaar nahi hai.
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Kiraaye par lene wala aur jis shakhs ne koi cheez kiraye par di ho, woh ek dusre ki razamandi se m’amla fasq kar sakte hain. Aur agar iraade mein yeh shart aayed kare ke woh dono ya oon mein koi ek maamle ko fasq karne ka haq rakht hai to muhaide ke mutabiq m’amla fasq kar sakte hai.
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Agar maal ijaare par denewaale ya mustajir ko pata chale ke woh ghaate mein raha hai to agar ijaara karne kewaqt woh oos amr ki jaanib mutaawajjeh na tha ke woh ghaate mein hai to ooski tafseel jo massla no. 2083 mein guzar chuki hai ijaara fasq kar sakta hai. Laikin agar ijaare ke muhaide mein yeh shart aayed ki jaaye ke agar oon mein se koi ghaate mein bhi rahegato oosko ijaara fasq karne ka haq nahi hoga to phir woh ijaara fasq nahi sakta.
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Agar ek shakhs koi cheez ijaare pe de aur iis se pahle ke ooska qabza mustajir ko de koi aur shakhs oos cheez ko ghasb kar le to mustajir ijaare ko fasq kar sakta hai aur jo cheez oosne ijaaare par denewaale ko di ho oose waapas kar sakta hai. Ya (ya yeh bhi kar sakta hai ke) ijaara fasq na kare aur jitni muddat woh cheez ghaasib ke paas rahi ho ooski aam taur par jitni ujrat bane woh ghaasib se le le. Lehaaza agar mustajir ek haiwaan ka ek mahine ka ijaara 10 rupayye ke aewaz kare aur koi shakhs oos haiwaan ko 10 din ke liye ghasb karle aura am taur par oos ka 10 doon ka ijaara 15 rupayye ho to mustajiir 15 rupayye ghaasib se le sakta hai.
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Agar koi dasra shakhs mustajir ko ijaara karda cheez apne tehweel mein na lene de ya tehweel mein lene ke ba’d oospar na’jaez qabza kar le ya os se iistefada karne mein ha’el ho to mustajir ijaara fsaq nahi kar sakta aur sirf yeh haq rakhtaa hai ke oos cheez ka aam taur par jitna kiraya banta ho woh sab ghaasib se le le.
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Agar ijaare ki muddat khatm hone se pahle maalik apna maal mustajir ke haath bech dale to ijaara fasq nahi hota. Aur kiraayedaar ko chahiye ke oos cheez ka kiraya maalik ko de aur agar (maalik mustajir ke a’lawa) oos (maal) ko kisi aur shakhs kehaathbech de tab bhi yahi hukm hai.
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Agar ijaare ki muddat shuru hone se pahle jo cheez ijaare par li hai woh oos iistefade ke qaabil na rahe jiska ta’een kiya gaya tha to ijaara baatil ho jaata hai. Aur mustajir ada karda raqm maalik se waapas le sakta hai. Agar suurat yeh ho ke oos cheez se thoda iistefada kiya jaa sakta ho to mustajir ijaara fasq kar sakta hai.
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Ek shakhs koi cheeez ijaare pe le aur woh kuch muddat guzarne ke ba’d jo iistefada mustajir ke liye tay kiya gaya hoooske qaabil na rahe to baaqi maanda muddat ke liye ijaara baatil ho jaata hai. Agar mustajir guzri hui muddat ka ijaara “ujratul miisal” (ya’ni jitne din woh cheez iist’emaal ki ho ootne dino ki aam ujrat) dekar ijaara fasq kar sakta hai.
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Agar koi shakhs aiisa makaan kiraaye par de jiske maslan do kamre ho aur oon mein se ek kamra toot phoot jaaye laikin ijaara par dene wala oos kamre ko (marammat kare)iis tarah bana de jis tarah sabeqa kamre ke muqable kafi farq ho to ooska wahi hukm hai jo iiske pahle waale massle mein bataya gaya hai. Aur agar iis tarah na ho balke ijaare par dene wala oose fauran bana de aur oosse iistefada karne mein thodi sib hi takheer na ho to ijaara baatil nahi hota. Aur kiraaaye daar bhi ijaare ko fasq nahi kar sakta. Laikin agar kamre ki marammat mein qadr rahe takheer ho jaaye aur kiraaye daar oosse na iistefada kar paaye to oos “taakheer” ki muddat tak ka ijaara baatil ho jaata hai aur kiraaye daar chaahe to saari muddat ka ijaara bhi fasq kar sakta hai albatta jitni muddat oosne kamre se iistefada kiya hai ooski ujratul msl de de.
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Agar kiraaye par dene wala ya mustajir mar jaaye to ijaara baatil nahi hota laikin agar makaan ka faida sirf ooski zindagi mein hi ooska ho maslan kisi dusre shakhs ne wasiyat ki ho ke jab tak (ijaare par dene wala) zinda hai makaan ki aamdani ooska maal hogato agar woh makaan kiraaye par de de aur ijaare ki mudat khatm hone se pahle woh mar jaaye to ooske marne ke waqt se ijaara baatil hai. Aur agar maujooda maalik oos ijaare ki tasdeeq kar de to ijaara sahi hai. Aur ijaare par dene waale ki maut ke ba’d ijaare ki jo muddat baaqi hogi ooski ujrat oos shakhs ko milegi jo maujooda maalik ho.
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Agar koi shakhs kisi m’amaar ko ko iis maqsad se vakeel bana de ke woh ooske liye kaarigar muhaiyya kare to agar m’amaar jo kuch oos shakhs se le liya hai kaarigaro ko kam de to zaayed maal oospar haraam hai aur ooske liye woh raqam oos shakhs ko waapas kar de. Laikin agar m’amaarajeer ban jaaye aur imaarat ko muqammal ka dega aur woh apne liye yeh ikhtayaar haasil karle ke khud banaaye gaya dusre se banwayega to iis suurat mein ke kuch kaam khud kare aur baaqi maanda dasro se oos ujrat se kam par kiraaye jis par khud ajeer bana hai to zaayed raqam ooske liye halaal hogi.
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Agar rangrez waada kare ke maslan kapda neel se range ga to agar woh neel ke bajaaye kisi aur chez se rang de to ooski ujrat lne ka koi haq nahi hai.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: | 
