Birmingham mumbai

Object type
User
Group
World
-
rw-
rw-
rw-
-
rw-
r--
r--
-
rwx
rwx
r-x
I've broken down each of the three example permission strings into four groups. 
Basically, I split them each at the first character and then again every third. The first 
section of a permission string is just one character. In each of these examples, it's just 
a single hyphen. This refers to what type the object is. Is it a directory? A file? A link? 
In our case, each of these permission strings is a file, because the first positions of the 
permission strings are all hyphens. If the object were a directory, the first character 
would've been a 
d
 instead of a 
-
. If the object were a link, this field would've been 
l
 
(lowercase 
L
) instead.
In the next section, in the second column of each object, we have three characters, 
rw-
, 
rw-
, and 
rwx
 respectively. This refers to the permissions that apply to the user 
that owns the file. For example, here is the first permission string again:
-rw-rw-rw- 1 doctor doctor    5 Jan 11 12:52 welcome

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Chapter 2