R..
Ra Rá Arabic letter
Ra’a, Yara, Ra’y, Ru’ya Ra’á, Yará, Ra’y, Ru’ya to see; to behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe, discern (something); to look (at something as), regard (something as), consider, deem, think (something to be …); to judge; to be of the opinion (that), believe, think (that); to express ones opinion; to feel (that); to deem appropriate, think proper (something), decide (on something, to do something); to consider, contemplate
Ra’d, Ru’ud Ra‘d, pl. Ru‘úd thunder
Ra’f, Ra’fat Ra’f, Ra’fat Pers. pitying; being kind and compassionate; bounty. Hence, ra’fatí
Ra’ina Rá‘íná “be our shepherd”, Qur’án 2:104. See Unẓurná
Ra’is, Ru’asa’ Ra’ís, pl. Ru’asá’ one at the head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain; leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-master, principal, chairman; governor; president; manager, superintendent; conductor (mus.); superior (as distinguished from subordinate); (mil.) captain
Ra’isa Ra’ísa manageress; directress; mother superior
Raba, Rubuw Rabá (Rabá’, Rubúw) to increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, (a number) Form II to make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (someone); to educate; to teach, instruct (a child); to breed, raise (e.g., poultry, cattle); to develop (e.g., a method) Form III to practice usury Form IV to make grow, augment, increase (something); to exceed (a number, an age, a measure) Form V to be brought up, be educated; to be bred, be raised
Rabb, Arbab Rabb, pl. Arbáb lord; master; owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with following genitive) one possessed of, endowed with, having to do with, etc. (the Lord = God)
Rabba (Rabb, Ribaha) Rabba (Rabb, Ribáha) to be master, be lord, have possession (of), control (someone, something), have command or authority (over)
Rabbani Rabbání Pers. divine. Surname given by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá to Shoghi Effendi to distinguish him from his cousins. Also used by his brothers and sisters. Priceless Pearl, p. 20 Mihrangíz Rabbání, Riáz Rúḥangíz and Rúḥangíz Rabbání
Rabbi Rabbí my lord
Rabb-i-A’la Rabb-i-A‘lá “Lord the Most High” or “Exalted Lord” (a designation of the Báb)
Rabbiya’l-Abha Rabbíya’l-Abhá
Rabi’ Rábi‘ fourth, making a fourth
Rabi’ Rabí‘ spring, springtime, vernal season; name of the third and fourth months of the Muslim year
Rabi’ih Rábi‘ih
Rabi’u’l-Awwal (Rabi’u’l-Avval) Rabí‘u’l-Awwal (Rabí‘u’l-Avval) third month in Islamic calendar. The first [month] or beginning of spring, referring to its position in the pre-Islamic Arabian calendar.
Rabi’u’th-Thani (Rabi’ al-Athir) Rabí‘u’th-Thání Fourth month in Islamic calendar. (the second/last spring). Also known as Rabí‘ al-Ákhir.
Rada, Rawd (Raud) Ráda (Rawd) to walk about, move about, prowl; to look. Form IV to want (something, to do something), wish, have a mind, be willing (to do something); to want to have (something). Form VIII to repair; to explore (something). Aráda want (to), Aradtu, wanted
Rada’r-Ruh Ra
a’r-Rúḥ “Contented Spirit”, name given to Mullá Muḥammad-Riḍá by Bahá’u’lláh DB 473
Radawi, Radavi Ra
awí, Pers. Ra
aví
Radi Raḍí content, pleased
Radi Rá
í, content, satisfied, pleased, willing, acquiescent; pleasing, pleasant, agreeable
Radiya, Radiyih Ráḍíya, Pers. Ráḍíyih fem. “Razieh” content, satisfied
Radiya, Ridan, Ridwan Raḍiya, Riḍan, Riḍwán to be satisfied, be content. Riḍan (contentment); Ráḍíy (satisfied, content); Riḍwán (consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction; good will, favor; pleasure, delight). See Marḍáh
Raf’ Raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up (of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a ban); remedy, elimination, removal; remission (of a tax), abrogation; submission, filing (e.g., of a report)
Rafat Rafat
Rafi Ráfi‘ One who raises or exalts (bearer, crane, hoist); adducing; putting in the nominative case; a plaintiff; a high mountain
Rafi Rafi‘ high, high-ranking; lofty, exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound); thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, subtle; artistic
Rafi’a, Rafa’i’ Rafí‘á, pl. Rafá’í‘ legal case brought before the competent authorities; a document submitted to a proper authority
Rafidi, Arfad Ráfi
í, pl. Arfá
apostate, renegade, turncoat; disloyal, rebellious; bigoted, fanatical
Rafi-i-Khayyat Rafí‘-i-Khayyáṭ
Rafsanjan (Rafsinjan) Rafsanján city and council in Kirman province, Iran
Rahib Rahíb dreadful, awful, fearful, terrible; solemn, grave
Rahib, Ruhban Ráhib, pl. Ruhbán monk (Christian)
Rahiba, Rahibat Ráhiba (fem.), pl. Ráhibát nun (Christian)
Rahil Ráḥíl Rachel
Rahil, Ruhhal, Rahilun Ráḥil, pl. Ruḥḥal departing leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. ráḥilún) deceased, late
Rahim, Ruhama, Ruhum Raḥím, pl. Ruḥamá’, Ruḥúm merciful, compassionate, one of the names of God
Rahimiyan Raḥímíyán UHJ 63-86, p. 620
Rahim Khan, Rahimkhan Raḥím Khán Sarab-i-Raḥím Khán village in Bukán County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Rahimpur (Rahim Pur) Raḥímpúr Díjaz-i-Raḥím Púr, village, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
Rahiq Raḥíq Pers. the best wine; pure, clear, generous (wine); a kind of perfume
Rahiq-i-Makhtum Raḥíq-i-Makhtúm sealed choice wine. See Maykhána
Rahm (Ruhm) Raḥm Pers. compassion, commiseration
Rahma Raḥma pity, compassion; human understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy
Rahman Raḥmán merciful, compassionate (God)
Rahmani Raḥmání divine
Rahmat Raḥmat Ar. mercy. Pers. A gift of the divine mercy; rain, a woman's name; pity, compassion, commiseration; pardon, forgiveness
Rahmatu’llah Raḥmatu’lláh Mercy of God. Raḥmatu’lláh ‘Alá’í (Hájí Mullá Rhamatollah)
Raja Raja yearning, mystical station of yearning or longing for divine grace
Raja’a, Ruju, Raj’ah, Raj’at Raja‘a, Rujú‘, Pers. Raj‘ah, Raj‘at to come back, come again, return; to resort, turn (to); begin again, resume (the return of a specific person in a future time)
Rajaba, Rajiba, Rajab Rajaba, Rajiba (varn. Rajab) to be afraid, be awed (respect, honour). Rajab is seventh month in Islamic calendar
Rajab-i-Haddad Rajab-i-Ḥaddád DB 487
Rajul, Rijal, Rijalat Rajul, pl. Rijál man;—(pl. rijálát) great, important men, leading personalities, men of distinction
Rak’a (Ra’kah), Raka’at Rak‘a, pl. Raka‘át a bending of the torso from an upright position, followed by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer ritual). The recitation of specifically revealed verses accompanied by a prescribed set of genuflections and other movements. Rak‘a (ركعة) is sometimes written as rak‘ah because of the tá’ marbúṭa at the end.
Raka’a, Ruku’ Raka‘a, Rukú‘ to bend the body, bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop to one’s knees. Yarka‘ (Druze village east of Abú Sinán) is the imperfect form of the verb.
Rakhsh Rakhsh Pers. lightning; the rainbow; reflection of light; a mixture of red and white; a face marked with moles; a mottled or partridge-coloured horse; swift; a horse; name of the horse of the celebrated Rustam; happy, fortunate, prosperous; joyful; commencement; happiness, prosperity
Ramadan (Ramazan) Ramaḍán (Pers. Ramaẓán) Ninth month in Islamic calendar. Time of “intense heat, scorched ground and shortness of rations” (burning heat)
Ramda’ Ramḍá’ sun-baked ground
Raqiq, Ariqqa’, Riqaq Raqíq, pl. Ariqqá’, Riqáq slave, slaves (singular and collective); flat loaf of bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line, delicate; soft, tender, gentle; sensitive, tactful, discreet, prudent
Raqim, Raqa’im Raqím, pl. Raqá’im inscription, tablet; letter, message; “essay” in Letters & Essays. A writing, a book; especially that which records the history of the Seven Sleepers (Aṣḥáb al-Kahf, “Companions of the cave”); their dog; also their village, or the mountain and cave in which they slept.—pl. books; epistles, writings.
Raqsha Raqshá’ She-Serpent. Imám-Jum‘ih of Iṣfahán, Mír Muḥammad-Ḥusayn
Rasa’il wa Raqa’im Rasá’il wa Raqá’im title of a book by Mírzá Fa
l that was translated as “Letters & Essays”. See risala and raqím
Rasafa, Rusafa Raṣáfa (or Ruṣáfa) Firmness, compactness. Al-Raṣáfa, east bank of Baghdád
Rasalat, Risalat Rasálat, Risálat Pers. a mission, legation; the gift of prophecy; the office of a prophet; a letter, a treatise
Rashad (variation Rishad) Rashád (Rishád) integrity of conduct; reason, good sense, senses; maturity; garden peppergrass (Lepidium sativum)
Rashad Rashad integrity of conduct, straightforwardness, forthrightness
Rashh-i-’Ama Rashḥ-i-‘Amá “Sprinklings from an effulgent light”. First poem by Bahá’u’lláh after His release from the Black Pit, Ṭihrán. ‘Amá symbolizes the First Invisible Substance.
Rashid ad-Din Sinan Rashíd ad-Dín Sinán a leader of the Syrian branch of the Nizárí Ismá‘ílí state (the Assassins), and a figure in the history of the crusades. Was known by the crusaders as the “Old Man of the Mountain” (Shaykh al-Jabal). He went to the Alamút valley, the centre of the Ḥashsháshín, as a youth.
Rashid Ráshid following the right way, rightly guided, having the true faith; sensible, reasonable; of full legal age, major
Rashid, Rushada Rashíd, pl. Rushadá’ rightly guided, following the right way; having the true faith; reasonable, rational, intelligent, discriminating, discerning; mature;—pl. of full legal age, major
Rashidun Ráshidún Rightly-Guided (ar-Ráshdún, the)
Rashsha, Rashsh Rashsha (Rashsh) to spatter, splash, spurt (a liquid); to spray (a liquid); to sprinkle (something, with, on); to splatter, spatter, bespatter (something, with water, etc.); to water (something)
Rasht Rasht city in province of Gílán
Rasiq (Rasikh), Rasiqun Rásiq, pl. Rásiqún firmly established, deep-rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable; conversant (with something), thoroughly versed, completely at home (in a field)
Rasiqun fi’l-‘ilm ar-Rasiqún fi‘l-‘ilm those deeply rooted in knowledge (Ṣúfí terminology)
Rasm Rasm Pers. marking out, drawing, writing; a law, canon, rule, regulation, precept, habit, custom, mode, manner, usage. Rasm (rite, formality and rule) affects everyone. Rasm (custom) has made it easy for the clergy to control the general population. Hidden Words Arabic no. 2. See sha’n
Rastagar Rastagár Pers. safe, free, escaped, bountiful (Rastigar, Rastegar)
Rastakhiz Rastákhíz Pers. resurrection. Rastakhiz Party (Ḥizb-i-Rastákhíz “Resurgence party”) founded on 2 March 1975 by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The party was intended as Iran's new single party, holding a monopoly on political activity in Iran, and to which all Iranians were required to belong. The Bahá’ís refused to join. It survives today in exile as an Iranian monarchist party opposing the Islamic Republic created when the Pahlavi dynasty was overthrown.
Rastaq Rastáq A village in Iran DB 484
Rasul Allah, Rasulu’llah Rasúl Alláh, Pers. Rasúlu’lláh Messenger of God
Rasul, Rusul Rasúl, pl. Rusul messenger; emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.) Term for a figure of salvation—Messenger of God [or apostle] and a Prophet). Compare with Nabí. [erroneous Rassoul]
Ratl Raṭl, pl. Arṭál rotl, a weight (449.28 g; in Syr. 3.202 kg, in Beirut and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)
Rawan Rawán Pers. life, soul, spirit; the reasonable soul; the heart
Rawda (Rauda), Rawat, Rawdih Rawḍa, (Pers. Rawḍid), pl. Rawḍát garden; meadow. Other Ar. plurals: rawḍ, riyáḍ and rídán
Rawdat as-Safa, Rawdatu’s-Safa Rawḍat aṣ-Ṣafá, Pers. Rawḍatu’ṣ-Ṣafá Gardens of Purity. Táríkh raw
atu’s-Ṣafáy-i-Náṣirí by Ri
á Qulí Khán Hidáyat
Rawdih Rawḍih Pers. “garden” or “grave”
Rawdih-Khani Rawḍih-Khání [Pers] The traditional reciting by Shí‘ih Muslims of the sufferings of Imám Ḥusayn. “lamentation”
Rawdiy-i-Kafi Rawḍiy-i-Káfí
Rawh wa rayhan Rawḥ wa rayḥán ‘with joy and radiance’
Rawha Rawḥá Eastern side of Baghdád (split by Tigris River) was also known (by Persians) as ar-Rawḥá (the widespreading or the shallow). See az-Zawrá’
Rawhani Rawḥání
Rawshani Rawshaní
Rayb (Raib) Rayb doubt; suspicion; uncertainty
Rayhan or Raihan (Reyhan) Raiḥán or Rayḥán sweet basil
Raytu’l-‘Ayn Ráytú’l-‘Ayn “vision of the eye”
Raytu’llah Ráytú’lláh “I saw God”
Rayy (Ray, Rey, Raghes) Rayy an ancient capital city of the Medes to the east of Shahr-i-Ray (SE Ṭihrán)
Razzaq Razzáq (Ar. Razaqa) Pers. dispenser, disposer of; an attribute of God, as the provider of the necessaries of life, the giver of daily bread; providence.
Ri’asa, Riyasa Ri’ása, Riyása leadership, leading position; management, direction; chairmanship; presidency, presidentship; supervision, superintendency
Rida Salim Riḍá’ Salím [Riaz Selim]
Rida’ Riḍá‘ foster relationship
Rida’, Riza’ Riḍá’, Pers. Riẓá’ & Riḍá (Pers. “Reza”) contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, acceptance, approval, sanction; propitiation, conciliation. “good-pleasure”. Mystical station in which one finds absolute peace and inner pleasure in relation to life in general.
Rida-Quli Riḍá-Qulí Riḍá-Qulí, Mírzá Half-brother of Bahá’u’lláh who kept apart from Him and hid his relationship.
Riday-i-Qannad Riḍáy-i-Qannád
Riday-i-Saffar Riḍáy-i-Ṣaffár
Ridvani Ri
vání used as a Persian surname
Ridvaniyyih Riḍváníyyih used as Persian girls name (Ridvaniyeh)
Ridvanu’l-’Adl Riḍvánu’l-‘Adl “The Garden of Justice” (by Bahá’u’lláh)
Ridvanu’l-Iqrar Riḍvánu’l-Iqrár “The Garden of Confession” (by Bahá’u’lláh)
Ridvanu’llah Ri
vánu’lláh
Ridwan, Ridvan Riḍwán, Per. Riḍván consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction; good will, favour; pleasure, delight. It is sometimes translated as ‘paradise’, ‘heaven’, ‘tabernacle’ and ‘garden’. See Raḍiya. Name given to two gardens significant in Bahá’í history. These are: the garden of Najíbíyyih owned by Najíb Páshá outside Baghdád (area now occupied by the Baghdad Medical City—April 1863); and Na‘mayn, a ‘verdant knoll’ less than a kilometre east of the walls of ‘Akká, around which the Na‘mayn Stream (now largely dry due to ground water extraction for irrigation) divides before it empties into the sea.
Rij’at Rij‘at return of individuals or types in successive cycles e.g. Rij‘at-Ḥusayní (Imám Ḥusayn). See Raja’a
Rik’at Rik‘at [Ar.] Prostration in prayer (Kitáb-i-Íqán p. 50)
Risala, Risalat, Rasa’il Risála, pl. Risálát, Rasá’il consignment, shipment; mail item; (written) communication or report; missive; letter, note; epistle; treatise; dispatch; message; radio message. Messengership
Risalah Fi’l-Ghina’ Risálah Fi’l-Ghiná’ “Treatise on Singing” (by the Báb)
Risalah Fi’n-Nahv Risálah Fi’n-Naḥv “Treatise on Grammar” (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-‘Adliyyih Risáliy-i-‘Adlíyyih (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-Amriyyih Risáliy-i-Amríyyih DB 670
Risaliy-i-Ayat-i-Mu’arrakhih Risáliy-i-Ayát-i-Mu‘arrakhih “Treatise on the Dated Verses” by Abu’l-Fa
l
Risaliy-i-Ayyubiyyih Risáliy-i-Ayyúbiyyih “Treatise on Job” by Abdu’l-Fa
l
Risaliy-i-Dhahabiyyih Risáliy-i-Dhahabíyyih (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-Fiqhiyyih Risáliy-i-Fiqhíyyih (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-Furu’-i-’Adliyyih Risáliy-i-Furú‘-i-‘Adlíyyih (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-Ithbat-i-Nubuvvat-i-Khassih Risáliy-i-Ithbát-i-Nubuvvat-i-Kháṣṣih “Epistle on the Proofs of the Prophethood of Muḥammad” (by the Báb)
Risaliy-i-Khaqaniyyih Risáliy-i-Kháqáníyyih DB 5
Risaliy-i-Madaniyyih Risáliy-i-Madaníyyih A treatise on civilization (by ‘Abdu’l-Bahá)
Risaliy-i-Siyasiyyih Risáliy-i-Siyásíyyih ‘Abdu’l-Bahá, Treatise on Politics
Rish, Rishun, Riyash, Aryash Rísh (collective; noun Ríshun) feathers; feathering, plumage; clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a brush). Pl. riyásh, aryásh
Rish-Safid Rísh-Safíd DB 477
Ríyád (Riaz) Ríyáḍ (Ríaz) Pers. see Rawḍa. Ríyáḍ (Ríaz) Effendi, son of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá
Riyal Riyál, pl. Riyálát a silver coin
Riz-Ab Ríz-Áb village
Rizwan, Ruzwan Rizwán, Ruzwán Pers. accepting, acquiescing; being pleased, gratified; —rizwán, a blessing, benediction; paradise; name of the porter or gardener of paradise
Ru’ya, Ruya Ru’yá, Rúyá Pers. a vision, dream. See Ra’á
Ru’yatú’l-Mashiyya Rú’yatú’l-Mashíyat “vision of the Primal Will of God”
Ruba’i, Ruba’iyyat Rubá‘í, pl. Rubá’íyyát consisting or four, quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple; quadrangular; tetragonal; (grammar) consisting of four radical letters, quadriliteral; quartet; (pl.) quatrains (poetry)
Rububiya, Rububiyat Rubúbíya, Pers. Rubúbíyat & Rubúbíyyih divinity, deity, godship, dominion, supreme power
Rud Rúd Pers. river, torrent, flowing water; the Oxus; intestines, gut; the string of a musical instrument; a bow-string; song, cheerfulness, jovial conversation, convivial mirth; vocal or instrumental music; a son or daughter; a beautiful brunette; a comely and amiable youth; a plucked bird; a shorn sheep. Used as a suffix with given name, as in Yálrúd.
Rudaki Rúdakí from Rúdak village (there are two in Iran)
Ruh Husayn ibn Rúḥ, Ḥusayn ibn (TN p. 16)
Ruh, Arwah Rúḥ m. & f., pl. Arwáḥ breath of life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel
Ruh al-Mu’ani Rúḥ al-Mu’ání al-Rúḥ al-Mu‘ání, The Spirit of the Meanings, by Shaykh Maḥmúd al-Álúsí
Ruha Rúḥá
Ruhangiz Rúḥangíz (a sister of Shoghi Effendi)
Ruhani, Ruhanun Rúḥání, pl. Rúḥánún spiritual, immaterial; divine, sacred, holy; clergyman, minister (Chr.)
Ruhaniya, Ruhaniyyih Rúḥáníya, Pers. Rúḥáníyyih spirituality; transfiguration
Ruhi Effendi Rúḥí Effendi
Ruhi, Ruhat Rúḥí, pl. Rúḥát spirituous; spiritual;—pl. spiritual things
Ruhiya, Ruhiyyih Rúḥíya, Pers. Rúḥíyyih spirituality; mentality, mental attitude, frame of mind
Ruhu’llah Rúḥu’lláh “Spirit of God”. A designation Muslims use for Jesus. Son of Mírzá ‘Alí-Muḥammad-i-Varqá
Ruhu’l-Ma’ani Rúḥu’l-Ma‘ání DB 272
Rukhsara Rukhsára Pers. cheek, face, complexion, mien
Rukn Rukn pillar
Rukni’d-Dawlih Rukni’d-Dawlih the Pillar of the State
Rum Rúm Christian people and countries (Greece; Rome, Roumelia; Turkey) of the eastern Roman Empire (later the Byzantine Empire). ar-Rúm is an old name for Istanbul. Derived from a Greek plural word meaning Romans.
Rumi Rúmí (Jalálu’d-Dín-i-Rúmí)
Runiz Rúníz DB 476-7
Rushd Rushd integrity of (ones) actions, proper, sensible conduct; reason, good sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of the mind)
Rushdi Rushdí rightly guided, of true faith, mature
Rustam Rustam [Rostem] the most renowned hero among the Persians, described as Persia’s Hercules
Rutba, Rutab Rutba, pl. Rutab degree, grade, level; rank, standing, station; class, quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of the Christian ministry); religious ceremony (Christian)
Ruz-bih, Ruzbih Rúz-bih, Rúzbih Pers. fortunate days, happy times; improving daily; happy, fortunate. A Persian who embraced Christianity and, being told a Prophet was about to arise in Arabia, journeyed there. He met Muḥammad at Koba on His migration to Medina, recognized His station and became a Muslim.
Ruzbihyan Rúzbihyán Roozbehyan
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