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Example 1. Natura gives money to its employees.
The student pronounced the word as /ˈgib/,
whereas the standard
pronunciation of the word considering grammar is /ˈgivz/.
Example 2. They have ten international boutiques.
The student pronounced the word as /ˈhʌb/ and the standard
pronunciation of the word in bold is /ˈhæv/.
Example 3. So all the employees feel valued.
The word with the underlined sound in this example was
pronounced as /ˈbʌljut/ and it must be pronounced as /ˈvælju:d/.
Example 4. Inca Cola has always been a very solid company.
The word was pronounced as /ˈberi/ and the standard pronunciation
is /ˈvery/.
In the mentioned examples of Case 2 the English fricative labio-
dental sound /v/ is replaced by the plosive/stop bilabial phoneme /b/
which is quite common for Spanish. Table 2 demonstrates the lack of the
pair for the voiceless labio-dental fricative sound /f/
in the Spanish
language, unlike in English (Table 3). That proves the fact that the labio-
dental sound /v/ is rather unusual for Spanish in general and, thus, for any
of its variant in particular.
The only allophonic variation that resembles the sound /v/ is the
intervocalic approximant allophone [β] (Table 1) which appears in such
Spanish words as
lavar, lobo, selva, clave
and so on.
So in such English
words as
able, development, environment, travel,
and so on pronounced
by a Spanish speaker, the allophone [β] of the phoneme /b/ usually
appears.
The above examples demonstrate that
this sound replacement can
be quite tricky and confusing especially when it is difficult to deduce the
meaning from the context. The word
very
becomes
berry
,
travel- trouble
,
vice – bice
,
various-barrios
, and so on.
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Case 3. Devoicing the voiced alveolar fricative sound /z/ to the
voiceless alveolar fricative sound /s/ in an intervocalic/ word-initial
position.
Example 1. One example of the benefits is that it attracts more
employees…
The word is pronounced /ikˈsʌmple/. The standard pronunciation is
/igˈza:mpəl/ or /igˈzæmpəl/ (American English pronunciation).
Example 2. They take holistic approach
using responsibility of
purchasing practices.
The word is pronounced as /dʒuːsin/. The standard pronunciation of
this word is /juːziɳ/.
Example 3. He is an executive vice president of the company.
The words are pronounced as /ikˈsekutib/ and /ˈpresidən/. The
standard pronunciation of these words is /igˈzekjutiv/ and /ˈprezident/.
Example 4. Starbucks found out that their thirty factories failed
zero tolerance standards.
The word is pronounced as /ˈsirəu/. The standard pronunciation is
/ˈzi:rəu/.
The examples of Case 3 demonstrate the tendency of Peruvian
learners of English to devoice the voiced fricative alveolar sound /z/ and
pronounce it as the sound /s/. According to Table 2
of the Spanish
phonemes, in Spanish there is a single fricative alveolar phoneme and not
a paired one.
Devoicing of the sound /z/ does not always lead to
misunderstanding of the message, especially when the context can be of a
help
to deduce the meaning, but in some cases this can impede
comprehensible communication. The pronunciation of the sound /z/ can
be quite an obstacle for a Spanish speaking learner that is why it is
always necessary to provide the students with sufficient practice in order
to help them improve their pronunciation.
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However, as it has been mentioned above, sometimes “S-Voicing”
(Stanley Whitley 2002) phonological rule is applied by a Spanish
speaking learner of English. This rule assumes that whenever the sound
/s/ comes before any voiced consonant
in a word or an utterance, the
sound /s/ is pronounced like the voiced consonant sound /z/:
mismo
/mizmo/,
chisme
/tʃizme/,
isla
/izla/,
deshielo
/dezʝelo/,
es duro, las vacas
etc. Nonetheless, Spanish /s/ and /z/ are always allophones of one
phoneme
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.
Case 4. Adding the neutral sound /ə/ at the beginning of the words
that
start with consonant clusters, for example, /sp/, /st/, /sm/, /sl/, /sk/,
/sw/, /sn/.
Example 1. They get this information from statistical studies.
The sound /ə/ is added to the beginning of both words and some
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
