Babkina, V. (2018). Phonological interference of mother tongue over the English

particular Task, however, containing a final voiced consonant sound this word 
can be referred to as to one of the improvements of the pronunciation of a 
voiced consonant sound of the participant.
Sample 2. Task 6. Pre-test. 
Sample 2. Task 6. Post-test. 

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139 
Comments on the comparison, Task 7: Student 5 improved the pronunciation of 
the target sounds from 7 points to 9 points. The voiced dental fricative /ð/ was 
pronounced correctly in all the given words. On the other hand, the unvoiced 
dental fricative /θ/ was once replaced by the participant. In addition, the 
improvement of some non-target sounds was also noticed: 
mother, thanks, 
month, three, other.
Sample 2. Task 7. Pre-test. 
Sample 2. Task 7. Post-test. 

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140 
Annex 5. 
English language consonant sounds pronunciation evaluation rubric. 
4 - Almost error-
free
3-Occasional errors
2 – Frequent errors 
1 –Mostly 
incomprehensi
ble 
1) Replacing the palato-alveolar fricative /ʃ/ with the palato-alveolar affricate /tʃ/. 
Almost 
no 
replacing, genuine 
effort to sound like 
native speaker 
Occasional replacing, 
generally 
comprehensible, 
makes an effort 
Makes major errors 
in pronunciation of 
the sound,
phonetically 
incorrect 
Makes 
no 
effort, mostly 
incomprehensi
ble 
3) Devoicing the voiced alveolar fricative sound /z/ to the voiceless alveolar 
fricative sound /s/ in an intervocalic/ word-initial position. 
No devoicing of
the 
sound, 
phonetically 
correct 
Minor errors in the 
sound pronunciation, 
can be understood in 
the target language, 
makes an effort
Frequent 
cases 
of 
devoicing 
of 
the 
sound, which in most 
cases 
causes 
incomprehensibility
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 
5) 
 
Replacing the palatal semi-vowel / glide /j/ with the palato-alveolar fricative /ʒ/ 
or palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/ in utterance/word -initial position. 
Almost 
no 
replacing, 
phonetically 
correct 
Some 
sound 
replacing, 
understandable, 
makes an effort 
Phonetically incorrect 
pronunciation of the 
sound, 
has 
some 
interference 
from 
Spanish 
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 
6). Replacing the palato-alveolar affricate /dʒ/ with the palato-alveolar fricative /ʒ/. 
Easy to understand 
what is being said, 
no sound replacing
Replaces the sound 
occasionally, 
but 
generally 
comprehensible 
Frequent replacing of 
the sound, evident 
phonetic interference 
of the mother tongue 
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 

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141 
7) Eliminating bilabial and labio-dental consonant sounds after a vowel at the end of 
the word.
No elimination of 
the 
sound, 
the 
utterances 
and 
words are easy to 
understand 
Some elimination of 
the 
sounds, 
understandable, 
makes an effort 
Repeated elimination 
of the sound, evident 
mother 
tongue 
interference 
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 
8) Devoicing a voiced consonant sound at the end of the word.
Genuine effort to 
sound like a native 
speaker, 
no 
devoicing of the 
sound 
Occasional devoicing 
of the sounds, can be 
understood 
in 
the 
target language 
Mostly devoices the 
sound, 
which 
interferes 
with 
comprehensibility 
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 
9) Replacing the voiced dental fricative /ð/ with the voiced alveolar stop /d/; 
replacing the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ with the voiceless alveolar stop /t/ or 
labio-dental fricative or /f/. 
No 
sound 
replacing, 
phonetically 
correct 
pronunciation 
Some replacing of the 
sounds, but generally 
comprehensible 
Frequent 
sound 
replacing, 
uses 
Spanish 
pronunciation 
to 
speak 
the 
target 
language
Makes 
no 
effort, 
mostly 
incomprehen
sible 

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142 
Annex 6. 
Power Point Presentation material for Case 9: Replacing the sound 
/ð/ with the sound /d/ and the sound /θ/ with the sound /t/ or /f/.